The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living dinosaurs, sentence 9

Birds evolved from small feathered meat-eating dinosaurs called theropods, the group of T. rex and Velociraptor, and there are about 11,000 kinds of bird today.

Who acts: Birds, small feathered eating dinosaurs, 11,000 kinds · What happens: evolve, eat, call, be about · To what, where: theropods · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living dinosaurs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Birds, small feathered eating dinosaurs, 11,000 kinds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 evolved	nsubj
2	evolved	evolve	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	9 dinosaurs	case
4	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 dinosaurs	amod
5	feathered	feathered	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 dinosaurs	amod
6	meat	meat	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 eating	compound
7	-	-	PUNCT	_	6 meat	punct
8	eating	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 dinosaurs	amod
9	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 evolved	obl
10	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 dinosaurs	acl
11	theropods	theropod	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 called	xcomp
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 group	punct
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 group	det
14	group	group	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 theropods	appos
15	of	of	ADP	_	17 rex	case
16	T.	t.	PROPN	Number=Sing	17 rex	compound
17	rex	rex	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 group	nmod
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 Velociraptor	cc
19	Velociraptor	Velociraptor	PROPN	Number=Sing	17 rex	conj
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 are	punct
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 are	cc
22	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	23 are	expl
23	are	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 evolved	conj
24	about	about	ADV	_	25 11,000	advmod
25	11,000	11,000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	26 kinds	nummod
26	kinds	kind	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 are	nsubj
27	of	of	ADP	_	28 bird	case
28	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 kinds	nmod
29	today	today	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 are	obl:unmarked
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 evolved	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	evolve	past	Birds				from small feathered eating dinosaurs	vn grow-26.2.1 «NP V NP.product PP.patient»: agent=Agent from dinosaur=Patient
2	eat	gerund						vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	call	participle	small feathered eating dinosaurs not said here	theropods				vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	be about	present	11,000 kinds of bird		there	today		vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:076-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds.lesson:9.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds/9/