The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living dinosaurs, sentence 8
Survivors included many small mammals, birds, crocodiles, turtles, frogs, snakes and lizards, which needed less food, could hide, and ate seeds, insects or rotting plants.
Who acts: Survivors, many small mammals · What happens: include, need, hide, eat, rot · To what, where: many small mammals, less food, seeds
This is a sentence of the lesson «The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living dinosaurs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Survivors, many small mammals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Survivors | survivor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 included | nsubj |
| 2 | included | include | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 mammals | amod |
| 4 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 mammals | amod |
| 5 | mammals | mammal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 included | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 birds | punct |
| 7 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 mammals | conj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 crocodiles | punct |
| 9 | crocodiles | crocodile | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 mammals | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 turtles | punct |
| 11 | turtles | turtle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 mammals | conj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 frogs | punct |
| 13 | frogs | frog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 mammals | conj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 snakes | punct |
| 15 | snakes | snake | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 mammals | conj |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 lizards | cc |
| 17 | lizards | lizard | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 mammals | conj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 needed | punct |
| 19 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 20 needed | nsubj |
| 20 | needed | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 mammals | acl:relcl |
| 21 | less | less | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 22 food | amod |
| 22 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 needed | obj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 hide | punct |
| 24 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 25 hide | aux |
| 25 | hide | hide | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 needed | conj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 ate | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 ate | cc |
| 28 | ate | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 needed | conj |
| 29 | seeds | seed | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 ate | obj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 insects | punct |
| 31 | insects | insect | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 seeds | conj |
| 32 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 34 plants | cc |
| 33 | rotting | rot | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 34 plants | amod |
| 34 | plants | plant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 seeds | conj |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 included | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | include | past | Survivors | many small mammals and birds and crocodiles and turtles and frogs and snakes and lizards | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mammal=Theme | ||||
| 2 | need | past | many small mammals and birds and crocodiles and turtles and frogs and snakes and lizards | less food | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot food=Theme | ||||
| 3 | hide | could | many small mammals and birds and crocodiles and turtles and frogs and snakes and lizards not said here | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | eat | past | many small mammals and birds and crocodiles and turtles and frogs and snakes and lizards not said here | seeds and insects or rotting plants | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seed=Patient | ||||
| 5 | rot | gerund | vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:076-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R3-conj-first ×2, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds/8/