The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living dinosaurs, sentence 12

Yutyrannus, a relative of T. rex from China about 125 million years old and about 9 metres long, had long fluffy feathers; feathers first evolved for warmth and display, and only later for flying.

Who acts: Yutyrannus, feathers · What happens: have, evolve, fly · To what, where: long fluffy feathers

This is a sentence of the lesson «The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living dinosaurs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Yutyrannus, feathers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yutyrannus	Yutyrannus	PROPN	Number=Sing	21 had	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 relative	punct
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 relative	det
4	relative	relative	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Yutyrannus	appos
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 rex	case
6	T.	t.	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 rex	nummod
7	rex	rex	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 relative	nmod
8	from	from	ADP	_	9 China	case
9	China	China	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 relative	nmod
10	about	about	ADV	_	12 million	advmod
11	125	125	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	12 million	compound
12	million	million	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	13 years	nummod
13	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 old	obl:unmarked
14	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 relative	amod
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 metres	cc
16	about	about	ADV	_	17 9	advmod
17	9	9	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	18 metres	nummod
18	metres	metre	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 old	conj
19	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 old	conj
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 long	punct
21	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
22	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 feathers	amod
23	fluffy	fluffy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 feathers	amod
24	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 had	obj
25	;	;	PUNCT	_	28 evolved	punct
26	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 evolved	nsubj
27	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	28 evolved	advmod
28	evolved	evolve	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	21 had	parataxis
29	for	for	ADP	_	30 warmth	case
30	warmth	warmth	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 evolved	obl
31	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 display	cc
32	display	display	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 warmth	conj
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	38 flying	punct
34	and	and	CCONJ	_	38 flying	cc
35	only	only	ADV	_	36 later	advmod
36	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	38 flying	advmod
37	for	for	SCONJ	_	38 flying	mark
38	flying	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	28 evolved	advcl
39	.	.	PUNCT	_	21 had	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	have	past	Yutyrannus	long fluffy feathers		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feather=Patient
2	evolve	past	feathers		for warmth and display; first property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	fly	gerund	feathers not said here		late property	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:076-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds/12/