Endangered animals and extinction, sentence 1

Look at Martha, the stuffed passenger pigeon in her glass case: her kind once flew in flocks of billions that darkened the sky for hours, yet she died alone in a zoo in 1914, so even the commonest animal can disappear.

Who acts: you, kind, billions, commonest animal · What happens: look, stuff, fly, darken, die, disappear · To what, where: flocks, sky

This is a sentence of the lesson «Endangered animals and extinction» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, kind, billions, commonest animal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Look	look	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	at	at	ADP	_	3 Martha	case
3	Martha	Martha	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Look	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 pigeon	punct
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 pigeon	det
6	stuffed	stuff	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 pigeon	amod
7	passenger	passenger	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 pigeon	compound
8	pigeon	pigeon	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 Martha	appos
9	in	in	ADP	_	12 case	case
10	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 case	nmod:poss
11	glass	glass	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 case	compound
12	case	case	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 pigeon	nmod
13	:	:	PUNCT	_	17 flew	punct
14	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 kind	nmod:poss
15	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 flew	nsubj
16	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	17 flew	advmod
17	flew	fly	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	1 Look	parataxis
18	in	in	ADP	_	19 flocks	case
19	flocks	flock	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 flew	obl
20	of	of	ADP	_	21 billions	case
21	billions	billion	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 flocks	nmod
22	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	23 darkened	nsubj
23	darkened	darken	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	21 billions	acl:relcl
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 sky	det
25	sky	sky	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 darkened	obj
26	for	for	ADP	_	27 hours	case
27	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 darkened	obl
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 died	punct
29	yet	yet	CCONJ	_	31 died	cc
30	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 died	nsubj
31	died	die	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 flew	conj
32	alone	alone	ADV	_	31 died	advmod
33	in	in	ADP	_	35 zoo	case
34	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	35 zoo	det
35	zoo	zoo	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 died	obl
36	in	in	ADP	_	37 1914	case
37	1914	1914	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	31 died	obl
38	,	,	PUNCT	_	45 disappear	punct
39	so	so	ADV	_	45 disappear	advmod
40	even	even	ADV	_	43 animal	advmod
41	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	43 animal	det
42	commonest	common	ADJ	Degree=Sup	43 animal	amod
43	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	45 disappear	nsubj
44	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	45 disappear	aux
45	disappear	disappear	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Look	conj
46	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Look	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	look	imperative	you not said here				at Martha	vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at martha=Theme
2	stuff	participle						vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent
3	fly	past	Martha's kind		flocks of billions		once property	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in flock=Location
4	darken	past	billions	the sky		hour		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent sky=Patient
5	die	past	kind				in 1914; in a zoo; alone property	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in zoo=Attribute
6	disappear	can	the commonest animal					vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:077-endangered-animals-and-extinction.lesson:1.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/77-endangered-animals-and-extinction/1/