Endangered animals and extinction, sentence 11
Rhinos are hunted illegally for horns that some people wrongly believe are medicine, though rhino horn is keratin like hair and fingernails; only two northern white rhinos are left, both female, Najin and Fatu.
Who acts: people · What happens: hunt, believe, be, leave · To what, where: Rhinos, horns, medicine, horn keratin, two northern white rhinos · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Endangered animals and extinction» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rhinos | rhino | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 hunted | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 hunted | aux:pass |
| 3 | hunted | hunt | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | illegally | illegally | ADV | _ | 3 hunted | advmod |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 6 horns | case |
| 6 | horns | horn | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 hunted | obl |
| 7 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 believe | obj |
| 8 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 9 people | det |
| 9 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 believe | nsubj |
| 10 | wrongly | wrongly | ADV | _ | 11 believe | advmod |
| 11 | believe | believe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 horns | acl:relcl |
| 12 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 medicine | cop |
| 13 | medicine | medicine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 believe | ccomp |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 keratin | punct |
| 15 | though | though | SCONJ | _ | 19 keratin | mark |
| 16 | rhino | rhino | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 horn | compound |
| 17 | horn | horn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 keratin | compound |
| 18 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 keratin | cop |
| 19 | keratin | keratin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 hunted | advcl |
| 20 | like | like | ADP | _ | 21 hair | case |
| 21 | hair | hair | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 keratin | nmod |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 fingernails | cc |
| 23 | fingernails | fingernail | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 hair | conj |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 3 hunted | punct |
| 25 | only | only | ADV | _ | 26 two | advmod |
| 26 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 29 rhinos | nummod |
| 27 | northern | northern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 rhinos | amod |
| 28 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 rhinos | amod |
| 29 | rhinos | rhino | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 left | nsubj |
| 30 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 left | aux:pass |
| 31 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 hunted | parataxis |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 left | punct |
| 33 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 34 female | advmod |
| 34 | female | female | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 left | xcomp |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 Najin | punct |
| 36 | Najin | Najin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 left | parataxis |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 Fatu | cc |
| 38 | Fatu | Fatu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 Najin | conj |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 hunted | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hunt | present · passive | Rhinos | for horns; illegally property | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Location for horn=Theme | ||||
| 2 | believe | present | some people | horns | wrongly property | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus | |||
| 3 | is a | present | medicine | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | is a | present | horn keratin | like hair and fingernails | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | leave | present · passive | two northern white rhinos | female property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:077-endangered-animals-and-extinction.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/77-endangered-animals-and-extinction/11/