Endangered animals and extinction, sentence 12

Many bees have become fewer because of lost wild flowers, some pesticides, disease and changing weather, which matters because about three quarters of the main food crops benefit from pollinators; there are around 20,000 kinds of bee, and most live alone in little holes, not in hives.

Who acts: Many bees, weather, three quarters, 20,000 kinds, most · What happens: become, lose, change, matter, benefit, be around · To what, where: weather, pollinators, little holes

This is a sentence of the lesson «Endangered animals and extinction» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many bees, weather, three quarters, 20,000 kinds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 bees	amod
2	bees	bee	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 become	nsubj
3	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 become	aux
4	become	become	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	fewer	few	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 become	xcomp
6	because	because	ADP	_	10 flowers	case
7	of	of	ADP	_	6 because	fixed
8	lost	lose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 flowers	amod
9	wild	wild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 flowers	amod
10	flowers	flower	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 become	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 pesticides	punct
12	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	13 pesticides	det
13	pesticides	pesticide	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 flowers	conj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 disease	punct
15	disease	disease	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 flowers	conj
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 changing	cc
17	changing	change	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	15 disease	conj
18	weather	weather	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 changing	obj
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 matters	punct
20	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	21 matters	nsubj
21	matters	matter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 weather	acl:relcl
22	because	because	SCONJ	_	31 benefit	mark
23	about	about	ADV	_	24 three	advmod
24	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	25 quarters	nummod
25	quarters	quarter	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 benefit	nsubj
26	of	of	ADP	_	30 crops	case
27	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	30 crops	det
28	main	main	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 crops	amod
29	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 crops	compound
30	crops	crop	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 quarters	nmod
31	benefit	benefit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 matters	advcl
32	from	from	ADP	_	33 pollinators	case
33	pollinators	pollinator	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 benefit	obl
34	;	;	PUNCT	_	36 are	punct
35	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	36 are	expl
36	are	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 become	conj
37	around	around	ADV	_	38 20,000	advmod
38	20,000	20000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	39 kinds	nummod
39	kinds	kind	NOUN	Number=Plur	36 are	nsubj
40	of	of	ADP	_	41 bee	case
41	bee	bee	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 kinds	nmod
42	,	,	PUNCT	_	45 live	punct
43	and	and	CCONJ	_	45 live	cc
44	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	45 live	nsubj
45	live	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	36 are	conj
46	alone	alone	ADV	_	45 live	advmod
47	in	in	ADP	_	49 holes	case
48	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	49 holes	amod
49	holes	hole	NOUN	Number=Plur	45 live	obl
50	,	,	PUNCT	_	53 hives	punct
51	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	53 hives	advmod
52	in	in	ADP	_	53 hives	case
53	hives	hive	NOUN	Number=Plur	49 holes	conj
54	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 become	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	become	present · perfect	Many bees			because lost wild flowers and some pesticides and disease; few property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
2	lose	participle					vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	change	gerund	Many bees not said here	weather			vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weather=Patient
4	matter	present	weather				vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus
5	benefit	present	three quarters of the main food crops		pollinators		vn benefit-72.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Beneficiary from pollinator=Causer
6	be around	present	20,000 kinds of bee		there		vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
7	live	present	most		little holes and hives	alone property	vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in hole=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:077-endangered-animals-and-extinction.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/77-endangered-animals-and-extinction/12/