Endangered animals and extinction, sentence 13
A fungus disease called chytrid, spread partly by the animal trade, has harmed hundreds of kinds of frogs by attacking the skin they breathe and drink through; the Panamanian golden frog now survives only in breeding centres.
Who acts: fungus disease, diseases, Panamanian golden frog · What happens: call, spread, harm, attack, breathe, drink · To what, where: chytrid, fungus disease, skin, breeding centres · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Endangered animals and extinction» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fungus disease, diseases, Panamanian golden frog), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 disease | det |
| 2 | fungus | fungus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 disease | compound |
| 3 | disease | disease | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 harmed | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 disease | acl |
| 5 | chytrid | chytrid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 called | xcomp |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 spread | punct |
| 7 | spread | spread | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 disease | acl:relcl |
| 8 | partly | partly | ADV | _ | 7 spread | advmod |
| 9 | by | by | ADP | _ | 12 trade | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 trade | det |
| 11 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 trade | compound |
| 12 | trade | trade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 spread | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 disease | punct |
| 14 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 harmed | aux |
| 15 | harmed | harm | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 16 | hundreds | hundred | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 harmed | obj |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 kinds | case |
| 18 | kinds | kind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 hundreds | nmod |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 frogs | case |
| 20 | frogs | frog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 kinds | nmod |
| 21 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 22 attacking | mark |
| 22 | attacking | attack | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 15 harmed | advcl |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 skin | det |
| 24 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 attacking | obj |
| 25 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 breathe | nsubj |
| 26 | breathe | breathe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 skin | acl:relcl |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 drink | cc |
| 28 | drink | drink | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 breathe | conj |
| 29 | through | through | ADV | _ | 28 drink | advmod |
| 30 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 36 survives | punct |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 frog | det |
| 32 | Panamanian | panamanian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 frog | amod |
| 33 | golden | golden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 frog | amod |
| 34 | frog | frog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 survives | nsubj |
| 35 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 36 survives | advmod |
| 36 | survives | survive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 harmed | parataxis |
| 37 | only | only | ADV | _ | 40 centres | advmod |
| 38 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 centres | case |
| 39 | breeding | breeding | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 centres | compound |
| 40 | centres | centre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 survives | obl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 15 harmed | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call | participle | a fungus disease not said here | chytrid | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | spread | participle | a fungus disease not said here | by the animal trade; partly property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by trade=Location | ||||
| 3 | harm | present · perfect · passive | a fungus disease | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Experiencer hundred=Result | |||||
| 4 | attack | gerund | the skin | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skin=Patient | |||||
| 5 | breathe | present | diseases = disease | the skin not said here | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skin=Theme | ||||
| 6 | drink | present | diseases = disease not said here | through property | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 7 | survive | present | the Panamanian golden frog | breeding centres | now | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in centre=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:077-endangered-animals-and-extinction.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/77-endangered-animals-and-extinction/13/