Endangered animals and extinction, sentence 5

Passenger pigeons lived in flocks of billions in North America, but hunting and the loss of forests wiped them out, and Martha, the last one, died at Cincinnati Zoo in 1914.

Who acts: Passenger pigeons, hunting, Martha · What happens: live, wipe out, die · To what, where: flocks, eggs, Cincinnati Zoo

This is a sentence of the lesson «Endangered animals and extinction» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Passenger pigeons, hunting, Martha), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Passenger	passenger	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 pigeons	compound
2	pigeons	pigeon	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 lived	nsubj
3	lived	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	30 died	parataxis
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 flocks	case
5	flocks	flock	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 lived	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 billions	case
7	billions	billion	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 flocks	nmod
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 America	case
9	North	North	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 America	compound
10	America	America	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 billions	nmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 wiped	punct
12	but	but	CCONJ	_	19 wiped	cc
13	hunting	hunting	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 wiped	nsubj
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 loss	cc
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 loss	det
16	loss	loss	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 hunting	conj
17	of	of	ADP	_	18 forests	case
18	forests	forest	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 loss	nmod
19	wiped	wipe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 lived	conj
20	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 wiped	obj
21	out	out	ADP	_	19 wiped	compound:prt
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 Martha	punct
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 Martha	cc
24	Martha	Martha	PROPN	Number=Sing	30 died	nsubj
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 one	punct
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 one	det
27	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 one	amod
28	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 Martha	appos
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 pigeons	punct
30	died	die	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
31	at	at	ADP	_	33 Zoo	case
32	Cincinnati	Cincinnati	PROPN	Number=Sing	33 Zoo	compound
33	Zoo	Zoo	PROPN	Number=Sing	30 died	obl
34	in	in	ADP	_	35 1914	case
35	1914	1914	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	30 died	obl
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	30 died	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: neg
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	live	past	Passenger pigeons		flocks of billions in North America		vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in flock=Location
2	wipe out	past	hunting and the loss of forests	eggs = egg			vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent they=Source
3	die	past	Martha		Cincinnati Zoo	in 1914	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in 1914=Attribute

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:077-endangered-animals-and-extinction.lesson:5.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/77-endangered-animals-and-extinction/5/