Conservation: how people help animals come back, sentence 5

Commercial whaling killed huge numbers of whales until a worldwide pause began in 1986, and humpbacks have since recovered strongly in several oceans, though slowly, because whales live long and have few calves; male humpbacks sing long songs that spread across oceans.

Who acts: Commercial whaling, worldwide pause, humpbacks, whales, male humpbacks, long songs · What happens: kill, begin, recover, live, have, sing · To what, where: huge numbers, 1986, several oceans, few calves, long songs, oceans

This is a sentence of the lesson «Conservation: how people help animals come back» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Commercial whaling, worldwide pause, humpbacks, whales), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Commercial	commercial	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 whaling	amod
2	whaling	whaling	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 killed	nsubj
3	killed	kill	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	huge	huge	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 numbers	amod
5	numbers	number	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 killed	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 whales	case
7	whales	whale	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 numbers	nmod
8	until	until	SCONJ	_	12 began	mark
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 pause	det
10	worldwide	worldwide	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 pause	amod
11	pause	pause	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 began	nsubj
12	began	begin	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 killed	advcl
13	in	in	ADP	_	14 1986	case
14	1986	1986	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	12 began	obl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 recovered	punct
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 recovered	cc
17	humpbacks	humpback	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 recovered	nsubj
18	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 recovered	aux
19	since	since	ADV	_	20 recovered	advmod
20	recovered	recover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	3 killed	conj
21	strongly	strongly	ADV	_	20 recovered	advmod
22	in	in	ADP	_	24 oceans	case
23	several	several	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 oceans	amod
24	oceans	ocean	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 recovered	obl
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 slowly	punct
26	though	though	ADV	_	27 slowly	advmod
27	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	20 recovered	advmod
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 live	punct
29	because	because	SCONJ	_	31 live	mark
30	whales	whale	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 live	nsubj
31	live	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 recovered	advcl
32	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	31 live	advmod
33	and	and	CCONJ	_	34 have	cc
34	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	31 live	conj
35	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	36 calves	amod
36	calves	calf	NOUN	Number=Plur	34 have	obj
37	;	;	PUNCT	_	39 humpbacks	punct
38	male	male	ADJ	Degree=Pos	39 humpbacks	amod
39	humpbacks	humpback	NOUN	Number=Plur	40 sing	nsubj
40	sing	sing	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 killed	parataxis
41	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	42 songs	amod
42	songs	song	NOUN	Number=Plur	40 sing	obj
43	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	44 spread	nsubj
44	spread	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	42 songs	acl:relcl
45	across	across	ADP	_	46 oceans	case
46	oceans	ocean	NOUN	Number=Plur	44 spread	obl
47	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 killed	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	kill	past	Commercial whaling	huge numbers of whales			vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Theme
2	begin	past	a worldwide pause		1986		vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
3	recover	present · perfect	humpbacks		several oceans	since, slowly, strongly property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	live	present	whales			long property	vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	have	present	whales not said here	few calves			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent calf=Patient
6	sing speech: express	present	male humpbacks	long songs			vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme
7	spread	past	long songs		oceans		vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme across ocean=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:078-conservation-animals-come-back.lesson:5.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/78-conservation-animals-come-back/5/