Animals of Australia and New Zealand: kangaroos, koalas, wombats, kiwis, sentence 8
The echidna is the other egg-laying mammal, with spines and a sticky tongue for ants and termites; its baby, a puggle, hatches in a pouch, and a frightened echidna digs down so only its spines show.
Who acts: echidna, baby, frightened echidna, spines · What happens: lay, be, hatch, frighten, dig down, show · To what, where: other laying mammal, pouch
This is a sentence of the lesson «Animals of Australia and New Zealand: kangaroos, koalas, wombats, kiwis» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (echidna, baby, frightened echidna, spines), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 echidna | det |
| 2 | echidna | echidna | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 mammal | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 mammal | cop |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 mammal | det |
| 5 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 mammal | amod |
| 6 | egg | egg | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 laying | compound |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 egg | punct |
| 8 | laying | lay | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 9 mammal | amod |
| 9 | mammal | mammal | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 spines | punct |
| 11 | with | with | ADP | _ | 12 spines | case |
| 12 | spines | spine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 mammal | nmod |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 tongue | cc |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 tongue | det |
| 15 | sticky | sticky | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 tongue | amod |
| 16 | tongue | tongue | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 spines | conj |
| 17 | for | for | ADP | _ | 18 ants | case |
| 18 | ants | ant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 tongue | nmod |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 termites | cc |
| 20 | termites | termite | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 ants | conj |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 baby | punct |
| 22 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 baby | nmod:poss |
| 23 | baby | baby | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 hatches | nsubj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 puggle | punct |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 puggle | det |
| 26 | puggle | puggle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 baby | appos |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 hatches | punct |
| 28 | hatches | hatch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 mammal | parataxis |
| 29 | in | in | ADP | _ | 31 pouch | case |
| 30 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 pouch | det |
| 31 | pouch | pouch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 hatches | obl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 digs | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 digs | cc |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 echidna | det |
| 35 | frightened | frighten | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 36 echidna | amod |
| 36 | echidna | echidna | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 digs | nsubj |
| 37 | digs | dig | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 hatches | conj |
| 38 | down | down | ADV | _ | 37 digs | advmod |
| 39 | so | so | ADV | _ | 43 show | advmod |
| 40 | only | only | ADV | _ | 43 show | advmod |
| 41 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 42 spines | nmod:poss |
| 42 | spines | spine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 show | nsubj |
| 43 | show | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 digs | advcl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 mammal | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lay | gerund | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | is a | present | the echidna | the other laying mammal | with spines and a sticky tongue for ants and termites | tree rules | |||
| 3 | hatch | present | echidna's baby | a pouch | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.patient V PP.product»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 4 | frighten | participle | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 5 | dig down | present | a frightened echidna | down property | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | show | present | echidna's spines | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:079-animals-of-australia-and-new-zealand.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/79-animals-of-australia-and-new-zealand/8/