Animals of Australia and New Zealand: kangaroos, koalas, wombats, kiwis, sentence 7

The platypus is an egg-laying mammal with a duck-like bill; under water it shuts its eyes, ears and nose and senses tiny electric signals from prey, and males have a venomous spur on each back leg that causes terrible pain, so wild platypuses must never be handled.

Who acts: platypus, males, venomous spur · What happens: lay, be, shut, sense, have, cause · To what, where: laying mammal, eyes, water, tiny electric signals, prey, venomous spur

This is a sentence of the lesson «Animals of Australia and New Zealand: kangaroos, koalas, wombats, kiwis» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (platypus, males, venomous spur), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 platypus	det
2	platypus	platypus	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 mammal	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 mammal	cop
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 mammal	det
5	egg	egg	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 laying	compound
6	-	-	PUNCT	_	5 egg	punct
7	laying	lay	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 mammal	amod
8	mammal	mammal	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	with	with	ADP	_	14 bill	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 bill	det
11	duck	duck	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 like	obl:unmarked
12	-	-	PUNCT	_	13 like	punct
13	like	like	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 bill	amod
14	bill	bill	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 mammal	nmod
15	;	;	PUNCT	_	19 shuts	punct
16	under	under	ADP	_	17 water	case
17	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 shuts	obl
18	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 shuts	nsubj
19	shuts	shut	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 mammal	parataxis
20	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	21 eyes	nmod:poss
21	eyes	eye	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 shuts	obj
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 ears	punct
23	ears	ear	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 eyes	conj
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 nose	cc
25	nose	nose	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 ears	conj
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 senses	cc
27	senses	sense	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 shuts	conj
28	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 signals	amod
29	electric	electric	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 signals	amod
30	signals	signal	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 senses	obj
31	from	from	ADP	_	32 prey	case
32	prey	prey	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 senses	obl
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	36 have	punct
34	and	and	CCONJ	_	36 have	cc
35	males	male	NOUN	Number=Plur	36 have	nsubj
36	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 mammal	conj
37	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	39 spur	det
38	venomous	venomous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	39 spur	amod
39	spur	spur	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 have	obj
40	on	on	ADP	_	43 leg	case
41	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	43 leg	det
42	back	back	ADJ	Degree=Pos	43 leg	compound
43	leg	leg	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 spur	nmod
44	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	45 causes	nsubj
45	causes	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	39 spur	acl:relcl
46	terrible	terrible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	47 pain	amod
47	pain	pain	NOUN	Number=Sing	45 causes	obj
48	,	,	PUNCT	_	55 handled	punct
49	so	so	ADV	_	55 handled	advmod
50	wild	wild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	51 platypuses	amod
51	platypuses	platypus	NOUN	Number=Plur	55 handled	nsubj:pass
52	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	55 handled	aux
53	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	55 handled	advmod
54	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	55 handled	aux:pass
55	handled	handle	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	36 have	parataxis
56	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 mammal	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	lay	gerund					vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	is a	present	the platypus	a laying mammal		with a like bill	tree rules
3	shut	present	platypus	platypus's eyes and ears and nose	water		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent eye=Patient
4	sense	present	platypus not said here	tiny electric signals	prey		vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer signal=Stimulus
5	have	present	males	a venomous spur	each back leg		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spur=Patient
6	cause	present	a venomous spur	terrible pain			vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition pain=Patient
7	not handle	must · passive		wild platypuses			vn hold-15.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:079-animals-of-australia-and-new-zealand.lesson:7.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/79-animals-of-australia-and-new-zealand/7/