The ocean: open sea, sunlit zone and the deep dark, sentence 11
An octopus has no bones, so it can squeeze through any gap bigger than its hard beak; it has 3 hearts, 8 arms and blue blood, and most of its nerve cells are in its arms.
Who acts: octopus, most · What happens: have, squeeze, be · To what, where: bones, gap, 3 hearts
This is a sentence of the lesson «The ocean: open sea, sunlit zone and the deep dark» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (octopus, most), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 octopus | det |
| 2 | octopus | octopus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 has | nsubj |
| 3 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 5 bones | det |
| 5 | bones | bone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 has | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 squeeze | punct |
| 7 | so | so | ADV | _ | 10 squeeze | advmod |
| 8 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 squeeze | nsubj |
| 9 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 10 squeeze | aux |
| 10 | squeeze | squeeze | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 has | parataxis |
| 11 | through | through | ADP | _ | 13 gap | case |
| 12 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 13 gap | det |
| 13 | gap | gap | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 squeeze | obl |
| 14 | bigger | big | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 13 gap | amod |
| 15 | than | than | ADP | _ | 18 beak | case |
| 16 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 beak | nmod:poss |
| 17 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 beak | amod |
| 18 | beak | beak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 bigger | obl |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 has | punct |
| 20 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 has | nsubj |
| 21 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 has | parataxis |
| 22 | 3 | 3 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 23 hearts | nummod |
| 23 | hearts | heart | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 has | obj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 arms | punct |
| 25 | 8 | 8 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 26 arms | nummod |
| 26 | arms | arm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 hearts | conj |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 blood | cc |
| 28 | blue | blue | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 blood | amod |
| 29 | blood | blood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 hearts | conj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 arms | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 arms | cc |
| 32 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 40 arms | nsubj |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 arms | case |
| 34 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 36 cells | nmod:poss |
| 35 | nerve | nerve | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 cells | compound |
| 36 | cells | cell | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 most | nmod |
| 37 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 40 arms | cop |
| 38 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 arms | case |
| 39 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 40 arms | nmod:poss |
| 40 | arms | arm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 has | conj |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 has | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | a octopus | no bones | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Patient | ||||
| 2 | squeeze | can | octopus | any gap | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent through gap=Trajectory | ||||
| 3 | have | present | octopus | 3 hearts and 8 arms and blue blood | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heart=Patient | ||||
| 4 | is | present | most octopus's nerve cells | of octopus's arms | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:008-the-ocean.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/8-the-ocean/11/