The ocean: open sea, sunlit zone and the deep dark, sentence 12

Sperm whales dive over 1,000 metres deep, sometimes over 2,000, hunting squid by echolocation clicks, the loudest sounds made by any animal, and they have the biggest brain of any animal.

Who acts: Sperm whales, animal, sounds · What happens: dive, hunt, make, have · To what, where: 2,000, squid, loudest sounds, biggest brain

This is a sentence of the lesson «The ocean: open sea, sunlit zone and the deep dark» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sperm whales, animal, sounds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sperm	sperm	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 whales	compound
2	whales	whale	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 dive	nsubj
3	dive	dive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	over	over	ADV	_	5 1,000	advmod
5	1,000	1000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	6 metres	nummod
6	metres	metre	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 deep	obl
7	deep	deep	ADV	_	3 dive	advmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 2,000	punct
9	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	PronType=Ind	11 2,000	advmod
10	over	over	ADV	_	11 2,000	advmod
11	2,000	2000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 dive	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 hunting	punct
13	hunting	hunt	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 dive	advcl
14	squid	squid	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 hunting	obj
15	by	by	ADP	_	17 clicks	case
16	echolocation	echolocation	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 clicks	compound
17	clicks	click	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 hunting	obl
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 clicks	punct
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 sounds	det
20	loudest	loud	ADJ	Degree=Sup	21 sounds	amod
21	sounds	sound	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 made	nsubj:pass
22	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 hunting	advcl
23	by	by	ADP	_	25 animal	case
24	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	25 animal	det
25	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 made	obl
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 have	punct
27	and	and	CCONJ	_	29 have	cc
28	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	29 have	nsubj
29	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 dive	conj
30	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	32 brain	det
31	biggest	big	ADJ	Degree=Sup	32 brain	amod
32	brain	brain	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 have	obj
33	of	of	ADP	_	35 animal	case
34	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	35 animal	det
35	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 brain	nmod
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 dive	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	dive	present	Sperm whales	2,000	deep property	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
2	hunt	gerund	Sperm whales not said here	squid	by echolocation clicks	vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent squid=Theme by click=Location
3	make	participle · passive	any animal	the loudest sounds		vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Product
4	have	present	sounds = sound	the biggest brain of any animal		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brain=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:008-the-ocean.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/8-the-ocean/12/