The ocean: open sea, sunlit zone and the deep dark, sentence 2
A drop of seawater under the school microscope wriggles with plankton, tiny drifting algae and animals; they are the bottom of the ocean food chain, and the tiny algae among them make about half the oxygen we breathe.
Who acts: drop, animals, tiny algae, we · What happens: wriggle, drift, be, make, breathe · To what, where: bottom, oxygen
This is a sentence of the lesson «The ocean: open sea, sunlit zone and the deep dark» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (drop, animals, tiny algae, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 drop | det |
| 2 | drop | drop | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 wriggles | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 seawater | case |
| 4 | seawater | seawater | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 drop | nmod |
| 5 | under | under | ADP | _ | 9 wriggles | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 microscope | det |
| 7 | school | school | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 microscope | compound |
| 8 | microscope | microscope | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 wriggles | compound |
| 9 | wriggles | wriggle | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | with | with | ADP | _ | 11 plankton | case |
| 11 | plankton | plankton | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 wriggles | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 algae | punct |
| 13 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 algae | amod |
| 14 | drifting | drift | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 15 algae | amod |
| 15 | algae | alga | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 plankton | appos |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 animals | cc |
| 17 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 algae | conj |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 bottom | punct |
| 19 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 bottom | nsubj |
| 20 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 bottom | cop |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 bottom | det |
| 22 | bottom | bottom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 wriggles | conj |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 chain | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 chain | det |
| 25 | ocean | ocean | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 chain | compound |
| 26 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 chain | compound |
| 27 | chain | chain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 bottom | nmod |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 make | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 make | cc |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 algae | det |
| 31 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 algae | amod |
| 32 | algae | alga | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 make | nsubj |
| 33 | among | among | ADP | _ | 34 them | case |
| 34 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 algae | nmod |
| 35 | make | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 wriggles | conj |
| 36 | about | about | ADV | _ | 37 half | advmod |
| 37 | half | half | DET | NumForm=Word NumType=Frac PronType=Ind | 39 oxygen | det:predet |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 oxygen | det |
| 39 | oxygen | oxygen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 make | obj |
| 40 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 41 breathe | nsubj |
| 41 | breathe | breathe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 oxygen | acl:relcl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 wriggles | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | wriggle | present | a drop of seawater | with plankton | vn body_internal_motion-49.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | drift | gerund | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | is a | present | animals = animal | the bottom | of the ocean food chain | tree rules | |||
| 4 | make | present | the tiny algae among animals | half oxygen | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset oxygen=Product | ||||
| 5 | breathe | present | we | half oxygen not said here | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oxygen=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:008-the-ocean.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/8-the-ocean/2/