The ocean: open sea, sunlit zone and the deep dark, sentence 6

Plankton are tiny drifting living things, such as algae, baby fish and copepods; many swim up to the surface at night and sink by day, the biggest daily journey of animals on Earth.

Who acts: Plankton, many · What happens: drift, live, be, swim up, sink, journey · To what, where: tiny drifting living things, surface, animals

This is a sentence of the lesson «The ocean: open sea, sunlit zone and the deep dark» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Plankton, many), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Plankton	plankton	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 things	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 things	cop
3	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 things	amod
4	drifting	drift	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 things	amod
5	living	live	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 things	amod
6	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 algae	punct
8	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	10 algae	case
9	as	as	ADP	_	8 such	fixed
10	algae	alga	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 things	nmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 fish	punct
12	baby	baby	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 fish	compound
13	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 algae	conj
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 copepods	cc
15	copepods	copepod	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 fish	conj
16	;	;	PUNCT	_	18 swim	punct
17	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 swim	nsubj
18	swim	swim	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 things	parataxis
19	up	up	ADP	_	18 swim	compound:prt
20	to	to	ADP	_	22 surface	case
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 surface	det
22	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 swim	obl
23	at	at	ADP	_	24 night	case
24	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 swim	obl
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 sink	cc
26	sink	sink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 swim	conj
27	by	by	ADP	_	28 day	case
28	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 sink	obl
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 journey	punct
30	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	33 journey	det
31	biggest	big	ADJ	Degree=Sup	33 journey	amod
32	daily	daily	ADJ	Degree=Pos	33 journey	amod
33	journey	journey	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 swim	appos
34	of	of	ADP	_	35 animals	case
35	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 journey	nmod
36	on	on	ADP	_	37 Earth	case
37	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	35 animals	nmod
38	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 things	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	drift	gerund						vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	live	gerund						vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	is a	present	Plankton	tiny drifting living things			such algae and baby fish and copepods	tree rules
4	swim up	present	many		the surface	night		vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to surface=Destination
5	sink	present	many not said here			day		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
6	journey			animals on Earth				nom journey «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:008-the-ocean.lesson:6.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/8-the-ocean/6/