Animals of North America and Britain: moose, bald eagles, raccoons, beavers, foxes, badgers, hedgehogs, robins, sentence 14

A striped skunk sprays a stinking oily liquid a few metres from glands under its tail, usually after stamping and raising its tail as a warning.

Who acts: striped skunk · What happens: spray, stink, stamp, raise · To what, where: stinking oily liquid, glands, tail

This is a sentence of the lesson «Animals of North America and Britain: moose, bald eagles, raccoons, beavers, foxes, badgers, hedgehogs, robins» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (striped skunk), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 skunk	det
2	striped	stripe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 skunk	amod
3	skunk	skunk	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sprays	nsubj
4	sprays	spray	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 liquid	det
6	stinking	stink	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 liquid	amod
7	oily	oily	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 liquid	amod
8	liquid	liquid	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sprays	obj
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 metres	det
10	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 metres	amod
11	metres	metre	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 sprays	obl:unmarked
12	from	from	ADP	_	13 glands	case
13	glands	gland	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 sprays	obl
14	under	under	ADP	_	16 tail	case
15	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 tail	nmod:poss
16	tail	tail	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 glands	nmod
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 stamping	punct
18	usually	usually	ADV	_	20 stamping	advmod
19	after	after	SCONJ	_	20 stamping	mark
20	stamping	stamp	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 sprays	advcl
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 raising	cc
22	raising	raise	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	20 stamping	conj
23	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	24 tail	nmod:poss
24	tail	tail	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 raising	obj
25	as	as	ADP	_	27 warning	case
26	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	27 warning	det
27	warning	warning	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 raising	obl
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 sprays	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	spray	present	a striped skunk	a stinking oily liquid	glands under liquid's tail	a few metres obl:unmarked	vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent liquid=Theme
2	stink	gerund					vn smell_emission-43.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	stamp	gerund	a striped skunk not said here			usually property	vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	raise	gerund	a striped skunk not said here	liquid's tail		as a warning	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tail=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:080-animals-of-north-america-and-britain.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/80-animals-of-north-america-and-britain/14/