Animals of North America and Britain: moose, bald eagles, raccoons, beavers, foxes, badgers, hedgehogs, robins, sentence 15

Millions of monarch butterflies fly up to about 4,000 kilometres from eastern North America to Mexico each autumn, using the sun and a body clock, though none of them has been there before.

Who acts: Millions, none · What happens: fly up, use, be · To what, where: Mexico, sun

This is a sentence of the lesson «Animals of North America and Britain: moose, bald eagles, raccoons, beavers, foxes, badgers, hedgehogs, robins» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Millions, none), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Millions	million	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 fly	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	4 butterflies	case
3	monarch	monarch	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 butterflies	compound
4	butterflies	butterfly	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Millions	nmod
5	fly	fly	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	up	up	ADP	_	5 fly	compound:prt
7	to	to	ADP	_	10 kilometres	case
8	about	about	ADV	_	9 4,000	advmod
9	4,000	4,000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	10 kilometres	nummod
10	kilometres	kilometre	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 fly	obl
11	from	from	ADP	_	14 America	case
12	eastern	eastern	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 America	amod
13	North	North	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 America	compound
14	America	America	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 kilometres	nmod
15	to	to	ADP	_	16 Mexico	case
16	Mexico	Mexico	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 fly	obl
17	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	18 autumn	det
18	autumn	autumn	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 fly	obl:unmarked
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 using	punct
20	using	use	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 fly	advcl
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 sun	det
22	sun	sun	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 using	obj
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 clock	cc
24	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	26 clock	det
25	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 clock	compound
26	clock	clock	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 sun	conj
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	34 there	punct
28	though	though	SCONJ	_	34 there	mark
29	none	none	PRON	PronType=Neg	34 there	nsubj
30	of	of	ADP	_	31 them	case
31	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	29 none	nmod
32	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	34 there	aux
33	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	34 there	cop
34	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	5 fly	advcl
35	before	before	ADV	_	34 there	advmod
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 fly	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	when	other	roles by
1	fly up	present	Millions of monarch butterflies		Mexico	autumn	to 4,000 kilometres from eastern North America result	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to kilometre=Result
2	use	gerund	Millions of monarch butterflies not said here	the sun and a body clock				vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sun=Patient
3	is	present · perfect	none				before, there property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:080-animals-of-north-america-and-britain.lesson:15.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/80-animals-of-north-america-and-britain/15/