The ape house: gorillas and chimpanzees, sentence 1
When he beats his chest he uses cupped hands, not fists, and the pop carries through the forest to say «I am big, stay away», often stopping a fight before it starts.
Who acts: silverback, pop · What happens: beat, use, cup, carry, say, be · To what, where: chest, cupped hands, forest, fight · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The ape house: gorillas and chimpanzees» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (silverback, pop), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | SCONJ | _ | 3 beats | mark |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 beats | nsubj |
| 3 | beats | beat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 uses | advcl |
| 4 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 chest | nmod:poss |
| 5 | chest | chest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 beats | obj |
| 6 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 uses | nsubj |
| 7 | uses | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | cupped | cup | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 hands | amod |
| 9 | hands | hand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 uses | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 fists | punct |
| 11 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 12 fists | advmod |
| 12 | fists | fist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 hands | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 carries | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 carries | cc |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 pop | det |
| 16 | pop | pop | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 carries | nsubj |
| 17 | carries | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 uses | conj |
| 18 | through | through | ADP | _ | 20 forest | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 forest | det |
| 20 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 carries | obl |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 say | mark |
| 22 | say | say | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 carries | advcl |
| 23 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 26 big | punct |
| 24 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 26 big | nsubj |
| 25 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 big | cop |
| 26 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 stay | advcl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 stay | punct |
| 28 | stay | stay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 say | ccomp |
| 29 | away | away | ADV | _ | 28 stay | advmod |
| 30 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 28 stay | punct |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 stopping | punct |
| 32 | often | often | ADV | _ | 33 stopping | advmod |
| 33 | stopping | stop | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 17 carries | advcl |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 fight | det |
| 35 | fight | fight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 stopping | obj |
| 36 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 38 starts | mark |
| 37 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 starts | nsubj |
| 38 | starts | start | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 stopping | advcl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 uses | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=assert
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | beat | present | silverback | silverback's chest | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location chest=Theme | ||||
| 2 | use | present | silverback | cupped hands and fists | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient | ||||
| 3 | cup | participle | vn pocket-9.10 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | carry | present | the pop | the forest | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | say speech: assert | to-infinitive | the pop not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | is in a quote | present | the pop = pop | big property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | stay away in a quote | infinitive | away property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 8 | stop | gerund | the pop not said here | a fight | often property | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality fight=Eventuality | |||
| 9 | start | present | pop | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:084-ape-house-gorillas-and-chimpanzees.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/84-ape-house-gorillas-and-chimpanzees/1/