The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bonobos and how apes think, sentence 1

Apes are clever in ways you can watch: an orangutan puts a sack on its head when it rains, apes tap puzzles on touch screens, and an orangutan that sees a mark on its face in a mirror reaches up to pick at it, so it knows the reflection is itself.

Who acts: Apes, you, orangutan, it, reflection · What happens: be, watch, put, rain, tap, see · To what, where: ways, sack, head, puzzles, mark, face · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bonobos and how apes think» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Apes, you, orangutan, it), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Apes	ape	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 clever	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 clever	cop
3	clever	clever	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 ways	case
5	ways	way	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 clever	obl
6	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	8 watch	nsubj
7	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 watch	aux
8	watch	watch	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 ways	acl:relcl
9	:	:	PUNCT	_	12 puts	punct
10	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 orangutan	det
11	orangutan	orangutan	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 puts	nsubj
12	puts	put	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 clever	parataxis
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 sack	det
14	sack	sack	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 puts	obj
15	on	on	ADP	_	17 head	case
16	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 head	nmod:poss
17	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 puts	obl
18	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	20 rains	advmod
19	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 rains	nsubj
20	rains	rain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 puts	advcl
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 tap	punct
22	apes	ape	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 tap	nsubj
23	tap	tap	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 rains	conj
24	puzzles	puzzle	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 tap	obj
25	on	on	ADP	_	27 screens	case
26	touch	touch	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 screens	compound
27	screens	screen	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 tap	obl
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	42 reaches	punct
29	and	and	CCONJ	_	42 reaches	cc
30	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	31 orangutan	det
31	orangutan	orangutan	NOUN	Number=Sing	42 reaches	nsubj
32	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	33 sees	nsubj
33	sees	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	31 orangutan	acl:relcl
34	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	35 mark	det
35	mark	mark	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 sees	obj
36	on	on	ADP	_	38 face	case
37	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	38 face	nmod:poss
38	face	face	NOUN	Number=Sing	35 mark	nmod
39	in	in	ADP	_	41 mirror	case
40	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	41 mirror	det
41	mirror	mirror	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 sees	obl
42	reaches	reach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 clever	conj
43	up	up	ADP	_	42 reaches	compound:prt
44	to	to	PART	_	45 pick	mark
45	pick	pick	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	42 reaches	advcl
46	at	at	ADP	_	47 it	case
47	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	45 pick	obl
48	,	,	PUNCT	_	51 knows	punct
49	so	so	ADV	_	51 knows	advmod
50	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	51 knows	nsubj
51	knows	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 clever	conj
52	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	53 reflection	det
53	reflection	reflection	NOUN	Number=Sing	55 itself	nsubj
54	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	55 itself	cop
55	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Emp Reflex=Yes	51 knows	ccomp
56	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 clever	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: evaluate
voice: narrator
polarity: pos
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is	present	Apes		ways	clever property	tree rules
2	watch	can	you	ways not said here			vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Theme
3	put	present	a orangutan	a sack	orangutan's head		vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent sack=Theme on head=Destination
4	rain	present	it				vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»
5	tap	present	apes	puzzles		on touch screens	vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent puzzle=Instrument on screen=Patient
6	see	present	a orangutan	a mark	orangutan's face	in a mirror	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer mark=Stimulus
7	reach up	present	a orangutan				vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
8	pick	to-infinitive	a orangutan not said here			at orangutan	vn chew-39.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent at it=Patient
9	know	present	orangutan				vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
10	is a	present	the reflection	orangutan			tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:085-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos.lesson:1.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/85-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos/1/