The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bonobos and how apes think, sentence 13

Apes cannot speak words; some, like the gorilla Koko and the bonobo Kanzi, learned hundreds of signs or symbols, but scientists argue about how much this is like language.

Who acts: Apes, some, scientists, this · What happens: not speak, learn, argue, be · To what, where: words, hundreds · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bonobos and how apes think» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Apes, some, scientists, this), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Apes	ape	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 speak	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 speak	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 speak	advmod
4	speak	speak	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 speak	obj
6	;	;	PUNCT	_	4 speak	punct
7	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	18 learned	nsubj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 some	punct
9	like	like	ADP	_	11 gorilla	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 gorilla	det
11	gorilla	gorilla	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 learned	obl
12	Koko	Koko	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 gorilla	appos
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 bonobo	cc
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 bonobo	det
15	bonobo	bonobo	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 Koko	conj
16	Kanzi	Kanzi	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 Koko	flat
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 gorilla	punct
18	learned	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 speak	parataxis
19	hundreds	hundred	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 learned	obj
20	of	of	ADP	_	21 signs	case
21	signs	sign	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 hundreds	nmod
22	or	or	CCONJ	_	23 symbols	cc
23	symbols	symbol	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 signs	conj
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 argue	punct
25	but	but	CCONJ	_	27 argue	cc
26	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 argue	nsubj
27	argue	argue	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 learned	conj
28	about	about	ADP	_	34 language	case
29	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	30 much	advmod
30	much	much	ADJ	Degree=Pos	34 language	amod
31	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	34 language	nsubj
32	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	34 language	cop
33	like	like	ADP	_	34 language	case
34	language	language	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 argue	obl
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 speak	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	not speak speech: other	can	Apes	words		tree rules
2	learn	past	some	hundreds of signs or symbols	like the gorilla	vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hundred=Topic
3	argue speech: disagree	present	scientists			vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	is	present	this		about much language	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:085-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos.lesson:13.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/85-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos/13/