The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bonobos and how apes think, sentence 9

Swinging arm over arm is called brachiation; gibbons are the fastest apes in the trees, reported at around 50 kilometres per hour.

Who acts: Swinging, gibbons · What happens: swing, call, be, report · To what, where: arm, brachiation, fastest apes, trees, 50 kilometres · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bonobos and how apes think» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Swinging, gibbons), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Swinging	swing	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 called	csubj:pass
2	arm	arm	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Swinging	obj
3	over	over	ADP	_	4 arm	case
4	arm	arm	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Swinging	obl
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 called	aux:pass
6	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	brachiation	brachiation	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 called	xcomp
8	;	;	PUNCT	_	13 apes	punct
9	gibbons	gibbon	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 apes	nsubj
10	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 apes	cop
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 apes	det
12	fastest	fast	ADJ	Degree=Sup	13 apes	amod
13	apes	ape	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 called	parataxis
14	in	in	ADP	_	16 trees	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 trees	det
16	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 apes	nmod
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 reported	punct
18	reported	report	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 apes	acl
19	at	at	ADP	_	22 kilometres	case
20	around	around	ADV	_	21 50	advmod
21	50	50	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	22 kilometres	nummod
22	kilometres	kilometre	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 reported	obl
23	per	per	ADP	_	24 hour	case
24	hour	hour	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 kilometres	nmod
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 called	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	swing	gerund		arm	arm	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent arm=Theme over arm=Trajectory
2	call speech: assert	present · passive	Swinging	brachiation		vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»
3	is a	present	gibbons	the fastest apes	the trees	tree rules
4	report	participle		the fastest apes not said here	50 kilometres per hour	vn characterize-29.2-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:085-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos.lesson:9.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/85-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos/9/