The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bonobos and how apes think, sentence 8
Gibbons are small apes that sing loud duets, male and female together, heard about a kilometre away.
Who acts: Gibbons, small apes, loud duets · What happens: be, sing, hear · To what, where: small apes, loud duets
This is a sentence of the lesson «The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bonobos and how apes think» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gibbons, small apes, loud duets), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gibbons | gibbon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 apes | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 apes | cop |
| 3 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 apes | amod |
| 4 | apes | ape | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 5 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 6 sing | nsubj |
| 6 | sing | sing | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 apes | acl:relcl |
| 7 | loud | loud | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 duets | amod |
| 8 | duets | duet | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 sing | obj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 male | punct |
| 10 | male | male | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 duets | appos |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 female | cc |
| 12 | female | female | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 male | conj |
| 13 | together | together | ADV | _ | 15 heard | advmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 together | punct |
| 15 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 duets | acl |
| 16 | about | about | ADP | _ | 18 kilometre | case |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 kilometre | det |
| 18 | kilometre | kilometre | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 heard | obl |
| 19 | away | away | ADV | _ | 15 heard | advmod |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 apes | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Gibbons | small apes | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | sing speech: express | present | small apes | loud duets | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location duet=Theme | ||||
| 3 | hear | past | loud duets not said here | about a kilometre; away, together property | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer about kilometre=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:085-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/85-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos/8/