The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the rays, sentence 12
The manta ray is the biggest ray, with fins up to about 7 metres across, and it eats tiny floating plankton by swimming with its mouth open; plankton is everywhere in the sea, so filtering lots of it can feed a huge body.
Who acts: manta ray, barb, tiny floating plankton, plankton, sea, lots · What happens: be, eat, float, swim, filter, feed · To what, where: biggest ray, tiny floating plankton, sea, lots, huge body
This is a sentence of the lesson «The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the rays» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (manta ray, barb, tiny floating plankton, plankton), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 ray | det |
| 2 | manta | manta | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 ray | compound |
| 3 | ray | ray | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 ray | nsubj |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 ray | cop |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 ray | det |
| 6 | biggest | big | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 7 ray | amod |
| 7 | ray | ray | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 fins | punct |
| 9 | with | with | ADP | _ | 10 fins | case |
| 10 | fins | fin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 ray | nmod |
| 11 | up | up | ADV | _ | 15 metres | advmod |
| 12 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 up | fixed |
| 13 | about | about | ADV | _ | 14 7 | advmod |
| 14 | 7 | 7 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 15 metres | nummod |
| 15 | metres | metre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 across | obl |
| 16 | across | across | ADV | _ | 10 fins | advmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 eats | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 eats | cc |
| 19 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 eats | nsubj |
| 20 | eats | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 ray | conj |
| 21 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 plankton | amod |
| 22 | floating | float | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 23 plankton | amod |
| 23 | plankton | plankton | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 eats | obj |
| 24 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 25 swimming | mark |
| 25 | swimming | swim | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 23 plankton | acl |
| 26 | with | with | ADP | _ | 28 mouth | case |
| 27 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 mouth | nmod:poss |
| 28 | mouth | mouth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 swimming | obl |
| 29 | open | open | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 mouth | amod |
| 30 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 36 sea | punct |
| 31 | plankton | plankton | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 sea | nsubj |
| 32 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 sea | cop |
| 33 | everywhere | everywhere | ADV | PronType=Tot | 36 sea | advmod |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 36 sea | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 sea | det |
| 36 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 ray | conj |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 filtering | punct |
| 38 | so | so | ADV | _ | 39 filtering | advmod |
| 39 | filtering | filter | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 36 sea | acl |
| 40 | lots | lot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 filtering | obj |
| 41 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 44 feed | mark |
| 42 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 lots | nmod |
| 43 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 44 feed | aux |
| 44 | feed | feed | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 40 lots | acl |
| 45 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 47 body | det |
| 46 | huge | huge | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 47 body | amod |
| 47 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 feed | obj |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 ray | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the manta ray | the biggest ray and the sea | with fins | tree rules | |||
| 2 | eat | present | barb | tiny floating plankton | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plankton=Patient | ||||
| 3 | float | gerund | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | swim | gerund | tiny floating plankton not said here | with barb's mouth | vn swarm-47.5.1-1 «PP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with mouth=Theme | ||||
| 5 | is | present | plankton | the sea | everywhere property | tree rules | |||
| 6 | filter | gerund | the sea not said here | lots barb | vn wipe_instr-10.4.2 «NP V NP.initial_location»: agent=Agent lot=Initial_Location | ||||
| 7 | feed | can | lots barb not said here | a huge body | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent body=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:091-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/91-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays/12/