The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the rays, sentence 13
A sawfish is a ray with a long flat saw edged with tooth-like points; it swings the saw to stun fish, and the saw also feels the tiny electric signals of hidden prey.
Who acts: sawfish, saw · What happens: be, edge, swing, stun, feel, signal · To what, where: ray, long flat saw, saw, fish, tiny electric signals, hidden prey
This is a sentence of the lesson «The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the rays» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sawfish, saw), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 sawfish | det |
| 2 | sawfish | sawfish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 ray | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 ray | cop |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 ray | det |
| 5 | ray | ray | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | with | with | ADP | _ | 10 saw | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 saw | det |
| 8 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 saw | amod |
| 9 | flat | flat | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 saw | amod |
| 10 | saw | saw | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 ray | nmod |
| 11 | edged | edge | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 saw | acl |
| 12 | with | with | ADP | _ | 16 points | case |
| 13 | tooth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 like | obl:unmarked |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 13 tooth | punct |
| 15 | like | like | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 points | amod |
| 16 | points | point | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 edged | obl |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 19 swings | punct |
| 18 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 swings | nsubj |
| 19 | swings | swing | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 ray | parataxis |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 saw | det |
| 21 | saw | saw | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 swings | obj |
| 22 | to | to | PART | _ | 23 stun | mark |
| 23 | stun | stun | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 19 swings | advcl |
| 24 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 stun | obj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 feels | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 feels | cc |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 saw | det |
| 28 | saw | saw | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 feels | nsubj |
| 29 | also | also | ADV | _ | 30 feels | advmod |
| 30 | feels | feel | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 ray | conj |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 signals | det |
| 32 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 signals | amod |
| 33 | electric | electric | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 signals | amod |
| 34 | signals | signal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 feels | obj |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 37 prey | case |
| 36 | hidden | hidden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 prey | amod |
| 37 | prey | prey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 signals | nmod |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 ray | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | a sawfish | a ray | with a long flat saw | tree rules | |||
| 2 | edge | participle | a long flat saw not said here | with like points | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with point=Theme | ||||
| 3 | swing | present | sawfish | the saw | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent saw=Theme | ||||
| 4 | stun | to-infinitive | sawfish not said here | fish | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus fish=Experiencer | ||||
| 5 | feel | present | the saw | the tiny electric signals of hidden prey | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent signal=Theme | ||||
| 6 | signal | hidden prey | nom signal «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:091-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/91-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays/13/