The nocturnal house: night animals by red light, sentence 10

Bats are the only mammals that truly fly; many small bats find insects by echolocation, sending out clicks and listening for echoes, and bats are not blind.

Who acts: Bats, only mammals, many small bats, insects · What happens: be, fly, find, send out, listen, not be · To what, where: only mammals, insects, clicks

This is a sentence of the lesson «The nocturnal house: night animals by red light» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bats, only mammals, many small bats, insects), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 mammals	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 mammals	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 mammals	det
4	only	only	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 mammals	amod
5	mammals	mammal	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
6	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 fly	nsubj
7	truly	truly	ADV	_	8 fly	advmod
8	fly	fly	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 mammals	acl:relcl
9	;	;	PUNCT	_	13 find	punct
10	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 bats	amod
11	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 bats	amod
12	bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 find	nsubj
13	find	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 mammals	parataxis
14	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 find	obj
15	by	by	ADP	_	16 echolocation	case
16	echolocation	echolocation	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 find	obl
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 sending	punct
18	sending	send	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	13 find	xcomp
19	out	out	ADP	_	18 sending	compound:prt
20	clicks	click	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 sending	obj
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 listening	cc
22	listening	listen	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	18 sending	conj
23	for	for	ADP	_	24 echoes	case
24	echoes	echo	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 listening	obl
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 blind	punct
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	30 blind	cc
27	bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 blind	nsubj
28	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	30 blind	cop
29	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	30 blind	advmod
30	blind	blind	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 mammals	conj
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 mammals	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Bats	the only mammals		tree rules
2	fly	present	the only mammals		truly property	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	find	present	many small bats	insects	by echolocation	vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent insect=Attribute clause=Theme
4	send out	gerund	insects not said here	clicks		vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent click=Theme
5	listen	gerund	insects not said here		for echoes	vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for echo=Theme
6	not is	present	bats		blind property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:095-the-nocturnal-house-night-animals-by-red-light.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/95-the-nocturnal-house-night-animals-by-red-light/10/