The nocturnal house: night animals by red light, sentence 11

Only three of more than 1,400 kinds of bat drink blood; they live in Central and South America, make a tiny cut on sleeping animals and lap the blood.

Who acts: bats, three · What happens: live, make, sleep, lap · To what, where: Central America, tiny cut, blood

This is a sentence of the lesson «The nocturnal house: night animals by red light» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bats, three), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	2 three	advmod
2	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	21 make	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	7 kinds	case
4	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV	6 1,400	advmod
5	than	than	ADP	_	4 more	fixed
6	1,400	1,400	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	7 kinds	nummod
7	kinds	kind	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 three	nmod
8	of	of	ADP	_	11 blood	case
9	bat	bat	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 kinds	nmod
10	drink	drink	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 blood	compound
11	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 kinds	nmod
12	;	;	PUNCT	_	14 live	punct
13	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 live	nsubj
14	live	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 make	parataxis
15	in	in	ADP	_	19 America	case
16	Central	Central	PROPN	Number=Sing	19 America	amod
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 South	cc
18	South	South	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 Central	conj
19	America	America	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 live	obl
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 make	punct
21	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
22	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	24 cut	det
23	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 cut	amod
24	cut	cut	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 make	obj
25	on	on	ADP	_	27 animals	case
26	sleeping	sleep	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	27 animals	amod
27	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 cut	nmod
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	29 lap	cc
29	lap	lap	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 make	conj
30	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	31 blood	det
31	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 lap	obj
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	21 make	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	live	present	bats = bat		Central America		vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in america=Location
2	make	infinitive	three of 1,400 kinds bat of drink blood	a tiny cut		on sleeping animals	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset cut=Product
3	sleep	gerund					vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	lap	present	three of 1,400 kinds bat of drink blood not said here	the blood			vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blood=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:095-the-nocturnal-house-night-animals-by-red-light.lesson:11.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/95-the-nocturnal-house-night-animals-by-red-light/11/