The nocturnal house: night animals by red light, sentence 14
Many night animals have a shiny layer at the back of the eye that bounces light back, so their eyes glow in a torch beam; bright light can hurt and stress them.
Who acts: Many night animals, eye, eyes, bright light · What happens: have, bounce back, glow, hurt, stress · To what, where: shiny layer, back, light, torch beam, eyes
This is a sentence of the lesson «The nocturnal house: night animals by red light» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many night animals, eye, eyes, bright light), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 animals | amod |
| 2 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 animals | compound |
| 3 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 have | nsubj |
| 4 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 layer | det |
| 6 | shiny | shiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 layer | amod |
| 7 | layer | layer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 have | obj |
| 8 | at | at | ADP | _ | 10 back | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 back | det |
| 10 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 layer | nmod |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 eye | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 eye | det |
| 13 | eye | eye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 back | nmod |
| 14 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 bounces | nsubj |
| 15 | bounces | bounce | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 eye | acl:relcl |
| 16 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 bounces | obj |
| 17 | back | back | ADV | _ | 15 bounces | advmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 glow | punct |
| 19 | so | so | ADV | _ | 22 glow | advmod |
| 20 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 eyes | nmod:poss |
| 21 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 glow | nsubj |
| 22 | glow | glow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 have | conj |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 beam | case |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 beam | det |
| 25 | torch | torch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 beam | compound |
| 26 | beam | beam | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 glow | obl |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 hurt | punct |
| 28 | bright | bright | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 light | amod |
| 29 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 hurt | nsubj |
| 30 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 31 hurt | aux |
| 31 | hurt | hurt | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 have | parataxis |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 stress | cc |
| 33 | stress | stress | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 hurt | conj |
| 34 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 stress | obj |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 have | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | Many night animals | a shiny layer | the back of the eye | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent layer=Patient | |||
| 2 | bounce back | present | the eye | light | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Agent | ||||
| 3 | glow | present | eyes's eyes | a torch beam | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in beam=Location | ||||
| 4 | hurt | can | bright light | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 5 | stress | infinitive | bright light not said here | eyes = eye | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:095-the-nocturnal-house-night-animals-by-red-light.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/95-the-nocturnal-house-night-animals-by-red-light/14/