The nocturnal house: night animals by red light, sentence 3
Shine a torch and eyes glow back at you, because many night animals have a mirror layer at the back of the eye; that is why the keeper asks you to switch it off.
Who acts: you, eyes, many night animals, that, keeper · What happens: shine, glow back, have, be, ask, switch off · To what, where: torch, mirror layer, back, you, keeper
This is a sentence of the lesson «The nocturnal house: night animals by red light» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, eyes, many night animals, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Shine | shine | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 torch | det |
| 3 | torch | torch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Shine | obj |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 glow | cc |
| 5 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 glow | nsubj |
| 6 | glow | glow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Shine | conj |
| 7 | back | back | ADV | _ | 6 glow | advmod |
| 8 | at | at | ADP | _ | 9 you | case |
| 9 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 6 glow | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 have | punct |
| 11 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 15 have | mark |
| 12 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 animals | amod |
| 13 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 animals | compound |
| 14 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 have | nsubj |
| 15 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 glow | advcl |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 layer | det |
| 17 | mirror | mirror | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 layer | compound |
| 18 | layer | layer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 have | obj |
| 19 | at | at | ADP | _ | 21 back | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 back | det |
| 21 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 layer | nmod |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 eye | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 eye | det |
| 24 | eye | eye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 back | nmod |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 asks | punct |
| 26 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 28 why | nsubj |
| 27 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 why | cop |
| 28 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 31 asks | advmod |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 keeper | det |
| 30 | keeper | keeper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 asks | nsubj |
| 31 | asks | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Shine | parataxis |
| 32 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 31 asks | obj |
| 33 | to | to | PART | _ | 34 switch | mark |
| 34 | switch | switch | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 asks | xcomp |
| 35 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 switch | obj |
| 36 | off | off | ADP | _ | 34 switch | compound:prt |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Shine | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | shine | imperative | you not said here | a torch | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent torch=Theme | ||||
| 2 | glow back | present | eyes | at you | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at you=Location | ||||
| 3 | have | present | many night animals | a mirror layer | the back of the eye | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent layer=Patient | |||
| 4 | is | present | that | why property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | ask speech: ask | present | the keeper | you | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S_INF»: agent=Agent you=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 6 | switch off not said to happen | to-infinitive | the keeper not said here | keeper | vn convert-26.6.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:095-the-nocturnal-house-night-animals-by-red-light.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/95-the-nocturnal-house-night-animals-by-red-light/3/