The penguin pool, sentence 13
Emperor penguin fathers keep the egg on their feet under a fold of skin for about two months of dark winter without eating, huddling and taking turns in the warm middle; emperor penguins find their partners and chicks by their calls.
Who acts: penguin fathers, dark winter, emperor penguins, penguins · What happens: keep, eat, huddle, take, find, call · To what, where: egg, feet, turns, warm middle, partners · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The penguin pool» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (penguin fathers, dark winter, emperor penguins, penguins), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Emperor | emperor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 penguin | compound |
| 2 | penguin | penguin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 fathers | compound |
| 3 | fathers | father | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 keep | nsubj |
| 4 | keep | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 egg | det |
| 6 | egg | egg | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 keep | obj |
| 7 | on | on | ADP | _ | 9 feet | case |
| 8 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 feet | nmod:poss |
| 9 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 keep | obl |
| 10 | under | under | ADP | _ | 12 fold | case |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 fold | det |
| 12 | fold | fold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 keep | obl |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 skin | case |
| 14 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 fold | nmod |
| 15 | for | for | ADP | _ | 18 months | case |
| 16 | about | about | ADV | _ | 17 two | advmod |
| 17 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 18 months | nummod |
| 18 | months | month | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 keep | obl |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 winter | case |
| 20 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 winter | amod |
| 21 | winter | winter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 months | nmod |
| 22 | without | without | SCONJ | _ | 23 eating | mark |
| 23 | eating | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 21 winter | acl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 huddling | punct |
| 25 | huddling | huddle | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 23 eating | conj |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 taking | cc |
| 27 | taking | take | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 23 eating | conj |
| 28 | turns | turn | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 taking | obj |
| 29 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 middle | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 middle | det |
| 31 | warm | warm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 middle | amod |
| 32 | middle | middle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 taking | obl |
| 33 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 36 find | punct |
| 34 | emperor | emperor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 penguins | compound |
| 35 | penguins | penguin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 find | nsubj |
| 36 | find | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 keep | parataxis |
| 37 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 partners | nmod:poss |
| 38 | partners | partner | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 find | obj |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 chicks | cc |
| 40 | chicks | chick | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 partners | conj |
| 41 | by | by | ADP | _ | 43 calls | case |
| 42 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 43 calls | nmod:poss |
| 43 | calls | call | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 find | obl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 keep | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | keep | present | penguin fathers | the egg | eggs's feet | month | under a fold of skin | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent egg=Theme on foot=Location | |
| 2 | eat | gerund | dark winter not said here | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | huddle | gerund | dark winter not said here | vn spatial_configuration-47.6 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | take | gerund | dark winter not said here | turns | the warm middle | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent turn=Value in middle=Location | |||
| 5 | find | present | emperor penguins | penguins's partners and chicks | by penguins's calls | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent partner=Topic | |||
| 6 | call | penguins = penguin | nom call «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:099-the-penguin-pool.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/99-the-penguin-pool/13/