The penguin pool, sentence 16
Many penguins are threatened by overfishing, oil spills, which make feathers lose their waterproofing, and warming seas; after a 2000 oil spill in South Africa, volunteers cleaned about 20 000 penguins.
Who acts: overfishing, oil spills, feathers, volunteers, penguins · What happens: threaten, make, lose, warm, clean, waterproof · To what, where: Many penguins, waterproofing, seas, 20 penguins
This is a sentence of the lesson «The penguin pool» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (overfishing, oil spills, feathers, volunteers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 penguins | amod |
| 2 | penguins | penguin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 threatened | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 threatened | aux:pass |
| 4 | threatened | threaten | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 6 overfishing | case |
| 6 | overfishing | overfish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 threatened | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 spills | punct |
| 8 | oil | oil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 spills | compound |
| 9 | spills | spill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 overfishing | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 make | punct |
| 11 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 make | nsubj |
| 12 | make | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 spills | acl:relcl |
| 13 | feathers | feather | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 lose | nsubj |
| 14 | lose | lose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 make | xcomp |
| 15 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 waterproofing | nmod:poss |
| 16 | waterproofing | waterproofing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 lose | obj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 seas | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 overfishing | cc |
| 19 | warming | warm | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 overfishing | conj |
| 20 | seas | sea | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 warming | obj |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 cleaned | punct |
| 22 | after | after | ADP | _ | 26 spill | case |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 spill | det |
| 24 | 2000 | 2000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 26 spill | compound |
| 25 | oil | oil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 spill | compound |
| 26 | spill | spill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 cleaned | obl |
| 27 | in | in | ADP | _ | 29 Africa | case |
| 28 | South | South | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 Africa | compound |
| 29 | Africa | Africa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 spill | nmod |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 spill | punct |
| 31 | volunteers | volunteer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 cleaned | nsubj |
| 32 | cleaned | clean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 threatened | parataxis |
| 33 | about | about | ADV | _ | 34 20 | advmod |
| 34 | 20 | 20 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 36 penguins | nummod |
| 35 | 000 | 000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 34 20 | flat |
| 36 | penguins | penguin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 cleaned | obj |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 threatened | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | threaten | present · passive | overfishing and oil spills | Many penguins | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer | ||||
| 2 | make | present | oil spills | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | lose | present | feathers | penguins's waterproofing | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent waterproofing=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | warm | gerund | overfishing and oil spills not said here | seas | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent sea=Patient | ||||
| 5 | clean | past | volunteers | 20 penguins | after a 2000 oil spill in South Africa | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent penguin=Patient | |||
| 6 | waterproof | penguins = penguin | nom waterproofing «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:099-the-penguin-pool.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/99-the-penguin-pool/16/