The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 1: Wayfarers All (change in the air), sentence 19
A field-mouse explains they must move «before those horrid machines begin clicking round the fields» (the harvest machines), and because «the best flats get picked up so quickly nowadays».
Who acts: field mouse, mice, horrid machines · What happens: explain, move, begin, click, pick up · To what, where: best flats · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 1: Wayfarers All (change in the air)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (field mouse, mice, horrid machines), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 mouse | det |
| 2 | field | field | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 mouse | compound |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 2 field | punct |
| 4 | mouse | mouse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 explains | nsubj |
| 5 | explains | explain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 move | nsubj |
| 7 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 8 move | aux |
| 8 | move | move | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 explains | ccomp |
| 9 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 14 begin | punct |
| 10 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 14 begin | mark |
| 11 | those | that | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 13 machines | det |
| 12 | horrid | horrid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 machines | amod |
| 13 | machines | machine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 begin | nsubj |
| 14 | begin | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 move | advcl |
| 15 | clicking | click | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 14 begin | xcomp |
| 16 | round | round | ADP | _ | 18 fields | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 fields | det |
| 18 | fields | field | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 clicking | obl |
| 19 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 23 machines | punct |
| 20 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 23 machines | punct |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 machines | det |
| 22 | harvest | harvest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 machines | compound |
| 23 | machines | machine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 fields | appos |
| 24 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 23 machines | punct |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 picked | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 picked | cc |
| 27 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 33 picked | mark |
| 28 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 33 picked | punct |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 flats | det |
| 30 | best | good | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 31 flats | amod |
| 31 | flats | flat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 picked | nsubj:pass |
| 32 | get | get | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 picked | aux:pass |
| 33 | picked | pick | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 clicking | conj |
| 34 | up | up | ADP | _ | 33 picked | compound:prt |
| 35 | so | so | ADV | _ | 36 quickly | advmod |
| 36 | quickly | quickly | ADV | _ | 33 picked | advmod |
| 37 | nowadays | nowadays | ADV | _ | 33 picked | advmod |
| 38 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 33 picked | punct |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 explains | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | explain speech: assert | present | a field mouse | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | move | must | mice = mouse | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | begin in a quote | present | that horrid machines | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 4 | click in a quote | gerund | that horrid machines not said here | round the fields | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | pick up in a quote | present · passive | the best flats | nowadays, quickly property | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:books:056-willows-ch9-part1-change-in-the-air.lesson:19.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/56-willows-ch9-part1-change-in-the-air/19/