The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 1: Wayfarers All (change in the air), sentence 6
It is the end of summer: «green had given way to gold» in the fields, and «rowans were reddening» (a rowan is a tree with bright red berries).
Who acts: name, green, rowans, rowan · What happens: be, give, redden · To what, where: end, way, gold, fields, tree · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 1: Wayfarers All (change in the air)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (name, green, rowans, rowan), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 end | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 end | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 end | det |
| 4 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 summer | case |
| 6 | summer | summer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 end | nmod |
| 7 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 11 given | punct |
| 8 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 11 given | punct |
| 9 | green | green | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 given | nsubj |
| 10 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 given | aux |
| 11 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 end | parataxis |
| 12 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 given | obj |
| 13 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 gold | case |
| 14 | gold | gold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 way | nmod |
| 15 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 11 given | punct |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 fields | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 fields | det |
| 18 | fields | field | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 given | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 reddening | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 reddening | cc |
| 21 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 24 reddening | punct |
| 22 | rowans | rowan | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 reddening | nsubj |
| 23 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 reddening | aux |
| 24 | reddening | redden | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 given | conj |
| 25 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 24 reddening | punct |
| 26 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 31 tree | punct |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 rowan | det |
| 28 | rowan | rowan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 tree | nsubj |
| 29 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 tree | cop |
| 30 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 tree | det |
| 31 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 end | parataxis |
| 32 | with | with | ADP | _ | 35 berries | case |
| 33 | bright | bright | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 berries | amod |
| 34 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 berries | amod |
| 35 | berries | berry | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 tree | nmod |
| 36 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 31 tree | punct |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 end | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | name | the end | summer | tree rules | |||
| 2 | give in a quote | past · perfect | green | way | gold | the fields | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent way=Theme to gold=Recipient | ||
| 3 | redden in a quote | past · progressive | rowans | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 4 | is a | present | a rowan | a tree | with bright red berries | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:books:056-willows-ch9-part1-change-in-the-air.lesson:6.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/56-willows-ch9-part1-change-in-the-air/6/