The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 1: Wayfarers All (change in the air), sentence 7
But «there was a feeling in the air of change and departure»: «The cuckoo, of course, had long been silent», and the robin was «beginning to assert himself once more» (robins sing again in autumn).
Who acts: feeling, cuckoo, robin, robins · What happens: be, have, begin, assert, sing · To what, where: robin · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 1: Wayfarers All (change in the air)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (feeling, cuckoo, robin, robins), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 4 was | cc |
| 2 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 4 was | punct |
| 3 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 4 was | expl |
| 4 | was | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 feeling | det |
| 6 | feeling | feeling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 was | nsubj |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 air | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 air | det |
| 9 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 feeling | nmod |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 change | case |
| 11 | change | change | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 air | nmod |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 departure | cc |
| 13 | departure | departure | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 change | conj |
| 14 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 4 was | punct |
| 15 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 4 was | punct |
| 16 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 18 cuckoo | punct |
| 17 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 cuckoo | det |
| 18 | cuckoo | cuckoo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 had | nsubj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 had | punct |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | ExtPos=ADV | 23 had | advmod |
| 21 | course | course | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 of | fixed |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 of | punct |
| 23 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 was | conj |
| 24 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 27 » | advmod |
| 25 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 27 » | cop |
| 26 | silent | silent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 » | amod |
| 27 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 23 had | punct |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 beginning | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 « | cc |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 robin | det |
| 31 | robin | robin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 beginning | nsubj |
| 32 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 34 beginning | aux |
| 33 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 34 beginning | punct |
| 34 | beginning | begin | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 was | conj |
| 35 | to | to | PART | _ | 36 assert | mark |
| 36 | assert | assert | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 beginning | xcomp |
| 37 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 36 assert | obj |
| 38 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 39 more | advmod |
| 39 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 36 assert | advmod |
| 40 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 36 assert | punct |
| 41 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 43 sing | punct |
| 42 | robins | robin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 sing | nsubj |
| 43 | sing | sing | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 36 assert | advcl |
| 44 | again | again | ADV | _ | 43 sing | advmod |
| 45 | in | in | ADP | _ | 46 autumn | case |
| 46 | autumn | autumn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 sing | obl |
| 47 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 43 sing | punct |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 was | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be in a quote | past | a feeling in the air of change and departure | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | have in a quote | past | the cuckoo | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | begin in a quote | past · progressive | the robin | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 4 | assert in a quote | to-infinitive | the robin not said here | robin | vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Theme | ||||
| 5 | sing speech: express | gerund | robins | again; autumn | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:books:056-willows-ch9-part1-change-in-the-air.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×5. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/56-willows-ch9-part1-change-in-the-air/7/