The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 2: Wayfarers All (the swallows and the call of the South), sentence 25
The Rat looks at «the great ring of Downs» (rounded chalky hills) to the south, «his simple horizon hitherto, his Mountains of the Moon, his limit»; the Mountains of the Moon is an old name for faraway mountains at the edge of the known world.
Who acts: Rat, Mountains · What happens: look, round, be, know · To what, where: old name, edge
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 2: Wayfarers All (the swallows and the call of the South)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rat, Mountains), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Rat | det |
| 2 | Rat | Rat | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 looks | nsubj |
| 3 | looks | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | at | at | ADP | _ | 8 ring | case |
| 5 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 8 ring | punct |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 ring | det |
| 7 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 ring | amod |
| 8 | ring | ring | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 looks | obl |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 Downs | case |
| 10 | Downs | Downs | PROPN | Number=Plur | 8 ring | nmod |
| 11 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 8 ring | punct |
| 12 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 15 hills | punct |
| 13 | rounded | round | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 hills | amod |
| 14 | chalky | chalky | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 hills | amod |
| 15 | hills | hill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 ring | appos |
| 16 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 15 hills | punct |
| 17 | to | to | ADP | _ | 19 south | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 south | det |
| 19 | south | south | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 looks | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 horizon | punct |
| 21 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 24 horizon | punct |
| 22 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 horizon | nmod:poss |
| 23 | simple | simple | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 horizon | amod |
| 24 | horizon | horizon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 looks | conj |
| 25 | hitherto | hitherto | ADV | _ | 24 horizon | advmod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 Mountains | punct |
| 27 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 Mountains | nmod:poss |
| 28 | Mountains | Mountain | PROPN | Number=Plur | 24 horizon | nmod |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 Moon | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 Moon | det |
| 31 | Moon | Moon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 Mountains | nmod |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 limit | punct |
| 33 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 limit | nmod:poss |
| 34 | limit | limit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 horizon | conj |
| 35 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 24 horizon | punct |
| 36 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 38 Mountains | punct |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 Mountains | det |
| 38 | Mountains | Mountain | PROPN | Number=Plur | 45 name | nsubj |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 Moon | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 Moon | det |
| 41 | Moon | Moon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 Mountains | nmod |
| 42 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 45 name | cop |
| 43 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 45 name | det |
| 44 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 name | amod |
| 45 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 looks | parataxis |
| 46 | for | for | ADP | _ | 48 mountains | case |
| 47 | faraway | faraway | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 48 mountains | amod |
| 48 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 name | nmod |
| 49 | at | at | ADP | _ | 51 edge | case |
| 50 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 51 edge | det |
| 51 | edge | edge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 name | nmod |
| 52 | of | of | ADP | _ | 55 world | case |
| 53 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 55 world | det |
| 54 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 55 world | amod |
| 55 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 edge | nmod |
| 56 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 looks | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look | present | the Rat | to the south; at the great ring of Downs | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at ring=Theme | ||||
| 2 | round | participle | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 3 | is a | present | the Mountains of the Moon | a old name | the edge of the known world | for faraway mountains | tree rules | ||
| 4 | know | participle | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:books:057-willows-ch9-part2-the-swallows.lesson:25.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/57-willows-ch9-part2-the-swallows/25/