The Wind in the Willows, chapter X, part 1: The Further Adventures of Toad (free, the canal and the barge-woman's washing), sentence 28
Old words: «I dare say» = I suppose; «post-haste» = in a great hurry; «humbug» = a fake, a pretender; «a dish-clout» = a dishcloth; «I'll lay» = I bet.
Who acts: horse, I · What happens: dare, say, suppose, lay, bet · To what, where: humbug, great hurry · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Wind in the Willows, chapter X, part 1: The Further Adventures of Toad (free, the canal and the barge-woman's washing)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (horse, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 words | amod |
| 2 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 3 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 11 suppose | punct |
| 4 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 6 dare | punct |
| 5 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 6 dare | nsubj |
| 6 | dare | dare | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 words | parataxis |
| 7 | say | say | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 dare | xcomp |
| 8 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 7 say | punct |
| 9 | = | = | PUNCT | _ | 11 suppose | punct |
| 10 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 11 suppose | nsubj |
| 11 | suppose | suppose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 words | parataxis |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 15 » | punct |
| 13 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 14 post-haste | punct |
| 14 | post-haste | post-haste | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 suppose | parataxis |
| 15 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 14 post-haste | punct |
| 16 | = | = | PUNCT | _ | 15 » | punct |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 hurry | case |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 hurry | det |
| 19 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 hurry | amod |
| 20 | hurry | hurry | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 suppose | obl |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 humbug | punct |
| 22 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 23 humbug | punct |
| 23 | humbug | humbug | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 suppose | obl |
| 24 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 23 humbug | punct |
| 25 | = | = | PUNCT | _ | 27 fake | punct |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 fake | det |
| 27 | fake | fake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 humbug | conj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 pretender | punct |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 pretender | det |
| 30 | pretender | pretender | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 fake | appos |
| 31 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 37 » | punct |
| 32 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 36 clout | punct |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 clout | det |
| 34 | dish | dish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 clout | compound |
| 35 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 34 dish | punct |
| 36 | clout | clout | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 humbug | conj |
| 37 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 36 clout | punct |
| 38 | = | = | PUNCT | _ | 40 dishcloth | punct |
| 39 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 dishcloth | det |
| 40 | dishcloth | dishcloth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 humbug | conj |
| 41 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 humbug | punct |
| 42 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 45 lay | punct |
| 43 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 45 lay | nsubj |
| 44 | 'll | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 45 lay | aux |
| 45 | lay | lay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 humbug | acl:relcl |
| 46 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 45 lay | punct |
| 47 | = | = | PUNCT | _ | 49 bet | punct |
| 48 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 49 bet | nsubj |
| 49 | bet | bet | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 words | parataxis |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 words | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- pos
- hedged
- yes
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | dare in a quote | present | horse | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | say speech: assert in a quote | infinitive | horse not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | suppose | present | I | humbug and a fake and a dish clout and a dishcloth | a great hurry | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||
| 4 | lay in a quote | future | horse | humbug and a fake and a dish clout and a dishcloth not said here | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent humbug=Result | ||||
| 5 | bet | present | I | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:books:061-willows-ch10-part1-the-barge-woman.lesson:28.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×5. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
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