The Wind in the Willows, chapter XI, part 1: «Like Summer Tempests Came His Tears» (home at the Rat's, a telling-off, and bad news), sentence 5
Then the Rat speaks seriously: Toad has been handcuffed, starved, chased, jeered at and flung into the water — and all because he must steal a motor-car.
Who acts: Rat · What happens: speak, handcuff, starve, chase, jeer, fling · To what, where: Toad, water, motor car · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Wind in the Willows, chapter XI, part 1: «Like Summer Tempests Came His Tears» (home at the Rat's, a telling-off, and bad news)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 speaks | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Rat | det |
| 3 | Rat | rat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 speaks | nsubj |
| 4 | speaks | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | seriously | seriously | ADV | _ | 4 speaks | advmod |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 10 handcuffed | punct |
| 7 | Toad | Toad | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 handcuffed | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 handcuffed | aux |
| 9 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 10 handcuffed | aux:pass |
| 10 | handcuffed | handcuff | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 speaks | parataxis |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 starved | punct |
| 12 | starved | starve | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 handcuffed | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 chased | punct |
| 14 | chased | chase | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 handcuffed | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 jeered | punct |
| 16 | jeered | jeer | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 handcuffed | conj |
| 17 | at | at | ADP | _ | 16 jeered | obl |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 flung | cc |
| 19 | flung | fling | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 jeered | conj |
| 20 | into | into | ADP | _ | 22 water | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 water | det |
| 22 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 flung | obl |
| 23 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 29 steal | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 steal | cc |
| 25 | all | all | ADV | _ | 29 steal | advmod |
| 26 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 29 steal | mark |
| 27 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 steal | nsubj |
| 28 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 29 steal | aux |
| 29 | steal | steal | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 speaks | conj |
| 30 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 car | det |
| 31 | motor | motor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 car | compound |
| 32 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 31 motor | punct |
| 33 | car | car | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 steal | obj |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 speaks | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | speak speech: other | present | the Rat | then | seriously property | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 2 | handcuff | present · perfect · passive | Toad | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 3 | starve | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 4 | chase | participle | vn chase-51.6 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | jeer | participle | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 6 | fling | participle | the water | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent into water=Destination | |||||
| 7 | steal | must | Rat | a motor car | all property | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location car=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:books:065-willows-ch11-part1-why-steal-them.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/65-willows-ch11-part1-why-steal-them/5/