The Wind in the Willows, chapter XII, part 4: The Return of Ulysses (Toad's last little song, an altered Toad, and the end of the book), sentence 25
Some of the younger and livelier animals whispered to each other that things were not so amusing as they used to be in the good old days.
Who acts: things · What happens: whisper, not be, use, be · To what, where: younger animals, each
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Wind in the Willows, chapter XII, part 4: The Return of Ulysses (Toad's last little song, an altered Toad, and the end of the book)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (things), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 7 animals | det |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 animals | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 animals | det |
| 4 | younger | young | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 7 animals | amod |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 animals | cc |
| 6 | livelier | lively | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 4 younger | conj |
| 7 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 8 | whispered | whisper | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 animals | acl |
| 9 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 each | case |
| 10 | each | each | DET | ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp | 8 whispered | obl |
| 11 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 each | fixed |
| 12 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 17 amusing | mark |
| 13 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 amusing | nsubj |
| 14 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 amusing | cop |
| 15 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 17 amusing | advmod |
| 16 | so | so | ADV | _ | 17 amusing | advmod |
| 17 | amusing | amusing | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 whispered | ccomp |
| 18 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 20 used | mark |
| 19 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 used | nsubj |
| 20 | used | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 amusing | advcl |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 27 days | mark |
| 22 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 27 days | cop |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 days | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 days | det |
| 25 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 days | amod |
| 26 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 days | amod |
| 27 | days | day | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 used | xcomp |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 whispered | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | whisper speech: assert | participle | some younger animals not said here | each | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to each=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | not is | past | things | amusing property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | use | past | things = thing | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | is | to-infinitive | things = thing not said here | in the good old days | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:books:073-willows-ch12-part4-an-altered-toad.lesson:25.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/73-willows-ch12-part4-an-altered-toad/25/