Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 1: How the Whale got his Throat, sentence 11

The Mariner sits on his raft trailing his toes in the water, because "he had his Mummy's leave to paddle"; the Whale opens his mouth "back and back and back till it nearly touched his tail", swallows him, then turns round three times on his tail.

Who acts: Mariner, Whale, mouth · What happens: sit, trail, have, paddle, open, touch · To what, where: raft, toes, water, leave, mouth, tail

This is a sentence of the lesson «Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 1: How the Whale got his Throat» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mariner, Whale, mouth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Mariner	det
2	Mariner	Mariner	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 sits	nsubj
3	sits	sit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	on	on	ADP	_	6 raft	case
5	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 raft	nmod:poss
6	raft	raft	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sits	obl
7	trailing	trail	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 sits	advcl
8	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 toes	nmod:poss
9	toes	toe	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 trailing	obj
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 water	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 water	det
12	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 trailing	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 had	punct
14	because	because	SCONJ	_	17 had	mark
15	"	"	PUNCT	_	17 had	punct
16	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 had	nsubj
17	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 sits	advcl
18	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	19 Mummy	nmod:poss
19	Mummy	Mummy	PROPN	Number=Sing	21 leave	nmod:poss
20	's	's	PART	_	19 Mummy	case
21	leave	leave	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 had	obj
22	to	to	PART	_	23 paddle	mark
23	paddle	paddle	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	21 leave	acl
24	"	"	PUNCT	_	17 had	punct
25	;	;	PUNCT	_	28 opens	punct
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 Whale	det
27	Whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 opens	nsubj
28	opens	open	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 sits	parataxis
29	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	30 mouth	nmod:poss
30	mouth	mouth	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 opens	obj
31	"	"	PUNCT	_	32 back	punct
32	back	back	ADV	_	28 opens	advmod
33	and	and	CCONJ	_	34 back	cc
34	back	back	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 back	conj
35	and	and	CCONJ	_	36 back	cc
36	back	back	ADV	_	32 back	conj
37	till	till	SCONJ	_	40 touched	mark
38	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	40 touched	nsubj
39	nearly	nearly	ADV	_	40 touched	advmod
40	touched	touch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	28 opens	advcl
41	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	42 tail	nmod:poss
42	tail	tail	NOUN	Number=Sing	40 touched	obj
43	"	"	PUNCT	_	42 tail	punct
44	,	,	PUNCT	_	45 swallows	punct
45	swallows	swallow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 sits	conj
46	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	45 swallows	obj
47	,	,	PUNCT	_	49 turns	punct
48	then	then	ADV	_	49 turns	advmod
49	turns	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	45 swallows	conj
50	round	round	ADV	_	49 turns	advmod
51	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	52 times	nummod
52	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	49 turns	obl:unmarked
53	on	on	ADP	_	55 tail	case
54	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	55 tail	nmod:poss
55	tail	tail	NOUN	Number=Sing	49 turns	obl
56	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 sits	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed act=narrate

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sit	present	the Mariner		Mariner's raft			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on raft=Location
2	trail	gerund	the Mariner not said here	Mariner's toes	the water			vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent toe=Theme in water=Trajectory
3	have in a quote	past	Mariner	Mariner's Mummy's leave				vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leave=Patient
4	paddle in a quote	to-infinitive	Mariner not said here	Mariner's Mummy's leave not said here				vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent
5	open	present	the Whale	Mariner's mouth				vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location mouth=Theme
6	touch in a quote	past	mouth	Mariner's tail			nearly property	vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme tail=Co-Theme
7	swallow	present	the Mariner not said here	Whale				vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient
8	turn round	present	the Mariner not said here		Mariner's tail	then; time	round property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme on tail=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:books:074-justso-whale-throat.lesson:11.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×5, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/74-justso-whale-throat/11/