Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 1: How the Whale got his Throat, sentence 12
He wears blue canvas "breeches" (trousers) and "suspenders" (braces that hold trousers up), and carries a "jack-knife" (a folding pocket-knife); Kipling keeps saying "you must not forget the suspenders".
Who acts: Whale, braces, Kipling, you · What happens: wear, hold up, carry, keep, say, not forget · To what, where: blue canvas, trousers, jack knife, suspenders · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 1: How the Whale got his Throat» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Whale, braces, Kipling, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 wears | nsubj |
| 2 | wears | wear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | blue | blue | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 canvas | amod |
| 4 | canvas | canvas | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 wears | obj |
| 5 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 breeches | punct |
| 6 | breeches | breech | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 canvas | conj |
| 7 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 breeches | punct |
| 8 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 9 trousers | punct |
| 9 | trousers | trousers | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 breeches | appos |
| 10 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 9 trousers | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 suspenders | cc |
| 12 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 suspenders | punct |
| 13 | suspenders | suspender | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 canvas | conj |
| 14 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 suspenders | punct |
| 15 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 16 braces | punct |
| 16 | braces | brace | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 canvas | appos |
| 17 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 18 hold | nsubj |
| 18 | hold | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 braces | acl:relcl |
| 19 | trousers | trousers | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 hold | obj |
| 20 | up | up | ADP | _ | 18 hold | compound:prt |
| 21 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 16 braces | punct |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 carries | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 carries | cc |
| 24 | carries | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 wears | conj |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 knife | det |
| 26 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 29 knife | punct |
| 27 | jack | jack | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 knife | compound |
| 28 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 27 jack | punct |
| 29 | knife | knife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 carries | obj |
| 30 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 29 knife | punct |
| 31 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 36 knife | punct |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 knife | det |
| 33 | folding | folding | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 knife | compound |
| 34 | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 knife | compound | ||
| 35 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 34 pocket | punct |
| 36 | knife | knife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 knife | appos |
| 37 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 36 knife | punct |
| 38 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 40 keeps | punct |
| 39 | Kipling | Kipling | PROPN | Number=Sing | 40 keeps | nsubj |
| 40 | keeps | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 wears | parataxis |
| 41 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 40 keeps | xcomp |
| 42 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 46 forget | punct |
| 43 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 46 forget | nsubj |
| 44 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 46 forget | aux |
| 45 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 46 forget | advmod |
| 46 | forget | forget | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 41 saying | ccomp |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 suspenders | det |
| 48 | suspenders | suspender | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 forget | obj |
| 49 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 46 forget | punct |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 wears | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | wear | present | Whale | blue canvas and breeches and suspenders | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent canvas=Source | ||||
| 2 | hold up | present | braces | trousers | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot trousers=Theme | ||||
| 3 | carry | present | Whale not said here | a jack knife | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knife=Theme | ||||
| 4 | keep | present | Kipling | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | say speech: assert | gerund | Kipling not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | not forget in a quote | must | you | the suspenders | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:books:074-justso-whale-throat.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/74-justso-whale-throat/12/