Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 1: How the Whale got his Throat, sentence 16
His rhyme is "By means of a grating / I have stopped your ating"; Kipling says he was "an Hi-ber-ni-an" (an Irishman), joking that his accent made "eating" sound like "ating".
Who acts: rhyme, Kipling, accent, Mariner · What happens: be, stop, say, joke, make, sound · To what, where: ating, ber ni · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 1: How the Whale got his Throat» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rhyme, Kipling, accent, Mariner), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | His | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 rhyme | nmod:poss |
| 2 | rhyme | rhyme | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 means | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 means | cop |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 means | punct |
| 5 | By | by | ADP | _ | 6 means | case |
| 6 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 grating | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 grating | det |
| 9 | grating | grating | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 means | nmod |
| 10 | / | / | PUNCT | _ | 13 stopped | punct |
| 11 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 13 stopped | nsubj |
| 12 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 stopped | aux |
| 13 | stopped | stop | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 9 grating | acl:relcl |
| 14 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 ating | nmod:poss |
| 15 | ating | ating | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 stopped | obj |
| 16 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 ating | punct |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 19 says | punct |
| 18 | Kipling | Kipling | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 says | nsubj |
| 19 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 means | conj |
| 20 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 says | ccomp |
| 21 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 ni | cop |
| 22 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 28 ni | punct |
| 23 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 ni | det |
| 24 | Hi | hi | INTJ | _ | 28 ni | discourse |
| 25 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 26 ber | punct |
| 26 | ber | ber | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 ni | compound |
| 27 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 26 ber | punct |
| 28 | ni | no | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 he | conj |
| 29 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 30 an | punct |
| 30 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 Irishman | det |
| 31 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 34 Irishman | punct |
| 32 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 34 Irishman | punct |
| 33 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 Irishman | det |
| 34 | Irishman | Irishman | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 ni | appos |
| 35 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 34 Irishman | punct |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 joking | punct |
| 37 | joking | joke | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 34 Irishman | advcl |
| 38 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 41 made | mark |
| 39 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 40 accent | nmod:poss |
| 40 | accent | accent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 made | nsubj |
| 41 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 joking | ccomp |
| 42 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 43 eating | punct |
| 43 | eating | eating | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 sound | compound |
| 44 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 43 eating | punct |
| 45 | sound | sound | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 41 made | xcomp |
| 46 | like | like | ADP | _ | 48 ating | case |
| 47 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 48 ating | punct |
| 48 | ating | ating | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 sound | obl |
| 49 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 48 ating | punct |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 means | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is in a quote | present | Mariner's rhyme | of a grating; mean property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | stop in a quote | present · perfect | Kipling | your ating | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector ating=Eventuality | ||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | present | Kipling | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | is a in a quote | past | Kipling not said here | a ber ni | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | joke speech: other | gerund | Kipling not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | make | past | Mariner's accent | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | sound | infinitive | Mariner's accent not said here | like ating | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | ||||
| 8 | rhyme | Mariner | nom rhyme «communication intransitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 9 | accent | Mariner | nom accent «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:books:074-justso-whale-throat.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×4, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/74-justso-whale-throat/16/