Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 3: How the Rhinoceros got his Skin, sentence 4
That, says the story, is why rhinos have baggy, folded skin and a very bad temper; it is a funny revenge tale with a little lesson: "Them that takes cakes ... makes dreadful mistakes."
Who acts: That, skin, folds · What happens: say, be, fold, take, make · To what, where: story, funny revenge tale, cakes, dreadful mistakes · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 3: How the Rhinoceros got his Skin» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (That, skin, folds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | That | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 10 have | nsubj |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 That | punct |
| 3 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 have | parataxis |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 story | det |
| 5 | story | story | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 says | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 story | punct |
| 7 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 have | cop |
| 8 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 10 have | advmod |
| 9 | rhinos | rhino | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 have | nsubj |
| 10 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | baggy | baggy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 skin | amod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 skin | punct |
| 13 | folded | fold | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 skin | amod |
| 14 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 have | obj |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 temper | cc |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 temper | det |
| 17 | very | very | ADV | _ | 18 bad | advmod |
| 18 | bad | bad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 temper | amod |
| 19 | temper | temper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 skin | conj |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 tale | punct |
| 21 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 tale | nsubj |
| 22 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 tale | cop |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 tale | det |
| 24 | funny | funny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 tale | amod |
| 25 | revenge | revenge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 tale | compound |
| 26 | tale | tale | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 have | conj |
| 27 | with | with | ADP | _ | 30 lesson | case |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 lesson | det |
| 29 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 lesson | amod |
| 30 | lesson | lesson | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 tale | nmod |
| 31 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 35 takes | punct |
| 32 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 35 takes | punct |
| 33 | Them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 takes | nsubj |
| 34 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 35 takes | nsubj |
| 35 | takes | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 says | conj |
| 36 | cakes | cake | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 takes | obj |
| 37 | ... | ... | PUNCT | _ | 38 makes | punct |
| 38 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 says | parataxis |
| 39 | dreadful | dreadful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 mistakes | amod |
| 40 | mistakes | mistake | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 makes | obj |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 38 makes | punct |
| 42 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 38 makes | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- neg
- teacher
- changed voice=narrator
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | the story | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | is | present | That | have property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | fold | participle | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 4 | is a | present | skin | a funny revenge tale | with a little lesson | tree rules | |||
| 5 | take in a quote | present | folds = fold | cakes | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cake=Theme | ||||
| 6 | make in a quote | present | dreadful mistakes | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset mistake=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:books:076-justso-rhinoceros-skin.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/76-justso-rhinoceros-skin/4/