Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 4: How the Leopard got his Spots, part 1 (the game goes into the forest), sentence 10
"Bit by bit--the Giraffe began it, because his legs were the longest--they went away from the High Veldt" to a forest full of "stripy, speckly, patchy-blatchy shadows".
Who acts: Giraffe, legs · What happens: bite, begin, be, go away · To what, where: bit, High Veldt
This is a sentence of the lesson «Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 4: How the Leopard got his Spots, part 1 (the game goes into the forest)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Giraffe, legs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Bit | punct |
| 2 | Bit | bite | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 3 | by | by | ADP | _ | 4 bit | case |
| 4 | bit | bit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 Bit | nmod |
| 5 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 8 began | punct |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 Giraffe | det |
| 7 | Giraffe | giraffe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 began | nsubj |
| 8 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 Bit | parataxis |
| 9 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 began | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 went | punct |
| 11 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 16 longest | mark |
| 12 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 legs | nmod:poss |
| 13 | legs | leg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 longest | nsubj |
| 14 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 longest | cop |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 longest | det |
| 16 | longest | long | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 19 went | advcl |
| 17 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 19 went | punct |
| 18 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 went | nsubj |
| 19 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 began | parataxis |
| 20 | away | away | ADV | _ | 19 went | advmod |
| 21 | from | from | ADP | _ | 24 Veldt | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 Veldt | det |
| 23 | High | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 Veldt | amod |
| 24 | Veldt | veldt | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 went | obl |
| 25 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 19 went | punct |
| 26 | to | to | ADP | _ | 28 forest | case |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 forest | det |
| 28 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 went | obl |
| 29 | full | full | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 forest | amod |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 39 shadows | case |
| 31 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 39 shadows | punct |
| 32 | stripy | stripy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 shadows | amod |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 stripy | punct |
| 34 | speckly | speckly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 shadows | amod |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 speckly | punct |
| 36 | patchy | patchy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 blatchy | amod |
| 37 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 36 patchy | punct |
| 38 | blatchy | blatchy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 shadows | amod |
| 39 | shadows | shadow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 full | obl |
| 40 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 39 shadows | punct |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 began | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bite in a quote | participle | by bit | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent by bit=Location | |||||
| 2 | begin in a quote | past | the Giraffe | bit | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality | ||||
| 3 | is in a quote | past | Leopard's legs | long property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | go away in a quote | past | Giraffe | the High Veldt | to a forest; away property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from veldt=Initial_Location to forest=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:books:077-justso-leopard-spots-1.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/77-justso-leopard-spots-1/10/