Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 4: How the Leopard got his Spots, part 1 (the game goes into the forest), sentence 19
Real biology: animals do not change colour by standing in shadows; their patterns are passed down from parents, and over a very long time the ones whose colours hid them best survived more often and had more young.
Who acts: animals, ones · What happens: not change, stand, pass down, hide, survive, have · To what, where: colour, shadows, patterns, animals, more
This is a sentence of the lesson «Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 4: How the Leopard got his Spots, part 1 (the game goes into the forest)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (animals, ones), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 biology | amod |
| 2 | biology | biology | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 7 change | punct |
| 4 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 change | nsubj |
| 5 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 change | aux |
| 6 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 7 change | advmod |
| 7 | change | change | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 biology | acl |
| 8 | colour | colour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 change | obj |
| 9 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 10 standing | mark |
| 10 | standing | stand | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 change | advcl |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 shadows | case |
| 12 | shadows | shadow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 standing | obl |
| 13 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 passed | punct |
| 14 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 patterns | nmod:poss |
| 15 | patterns | pattern | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 passed | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 passed | aux:pass |
| 17 | passed | pass | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 biology | conj |
| 18 | down | down | ADP | _ | 17 passed | compound:prt |
| 19 | from | from | ADP | _ | 20 parents | case |
| 20 | parents | parent | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 passed | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 hid | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 hid | cc |
| 23 | over | over | ADP | _ | 27 time | case |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 time | det |
| 25 | very | very | ADV | _ | 26 long | advmod |
| 26 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 time | amod |
| 27 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 hid | obl |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 ones | det |
| 29 | ones | one | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 hid | nsubj |
| 30 | whose | whose | PRON | Poss=Yes PronType=Rel | 31 colours | nmod:poss |
| 31 | colours | colour | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 hid | nsubj |
| 32 | hid | hide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 biology | conj |
| 33 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 hid | obj |
| 34 | best | good | ADV | Degree=Sup | 32 hid | advmod |
| 35 | survived | survive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 hid | conj |
| 36 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 37 often | advmod |
| 37 | often | often | ADV | _ | 35 survived | advmod |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 had | cc |
| 39 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 survived | conj |
| 40 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 39 had | obj |
| 41 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 more | nmod |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 biology | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not change | present · do-support | animals | colour | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Patient | ||||
| 2 | stand | gerund | animals not said here | shadows | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in shadow=Location | ||||
| 3 | pass down | present · passive | animals's patterns | from parents | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: subject=Theme from parent=Initial_Location | ||||
| 4 | hide | past | the ones | animals = animal | time | good property | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient | ||
| 5 | survive | past | the ones not said here | often property | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 6 | have | past | the ones not said here | more young | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Patient | ||||
| 7 | pattern | animals = animal | nom pattern «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:books:077-justso-leopard-spots-1.lesson:19.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/77-justso-leopard-spots-1/19/