Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 4: How the Leopard got his Spots, part 2 (One, two, three, and where's your breakfast?), sentence 2
The two hunters see they no longer match their background, and at last the Leopard understands Baviaan's riddle: not other spots in South Africa, but spots on his skin.
Who acts: two hunters, Giraffe, Leopard, Baviaan · What happens: see, match, understand, riddle · To what, where: background, last · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 4: How the Leopard got his Spots, part 2 (One, two, three, and where's your breakfast?)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (two hunters, Giraffe, Leopard, Baviaan), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 hunters | det |
| 2 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 3 hunters | nummod |
| 3 | hunters | hunter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 see | nsubj |
| 4 | see | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 match | nsubj |
| 6 | no | no | ADV | _ | 7 longer | advmod |
| 7 | longer | long | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 8 match | advmod |
| 8 | match | match | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 see | ccomp |
| 9 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 background | nmod:poss |
| 10 | background | background | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 match | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 understands | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 understands | cc |
| 13 | at | at | ADP | _ | 14 last | fixed |
| 14 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 understands | obl |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 Leopard | det |
| 16 | Leopard | leopard | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 understands | nsubj |
| 17 | understands | understand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 see | conj |
| 18 | Baviaan | Baviaan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 riddle | nmod:poss |
| 19 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 18 Baviaan | case |
| 20 | riddle | riddle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 understands | obj |
| 21 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 24 spots | punct |
| 22 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 24 spots | advmod |
| 23 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 spots | amod |
| 24 | spots | spot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 riddle | appos |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 Africa | case |
| 26 | South | South | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 Africa | compound |
| 27 | Africa | Africa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 spots | nmod |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 spots | punct |
| 29 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 30 spots | cc |
| 30 | spots | spot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 spots | conj |
| 31 | on | on | ADP | _ | 33 skin | case |
| 32 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 skin | nmod:poss |
| 33 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 spots | nmod |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 see | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | present | the two hunters | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | match | present | Giraffe | Giraffe's background | long property | vn amalgamate-22.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent background=Patient | |||
| 3 | understand | present | the Leopard | last | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer riddle=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | riddle | Baviaan | nom riddle «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:books:078-justso-leopard-spots-2.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/78-justso-leopard-spots-2/2/