Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 4: How the Leopard got his Spots, part 2 (One, two, three, and where's your breakfast?), sentence 21
Real biology: a leopard's markings are "rosettes", rose-shaped rings of dark spots with a lighter middle; they are not prints of five fingers, and they are in the leopard's genes from birth.
Who acts: markings, Leopard · What happens: be, shape, not be, mark · To what, where: rosettes, prints
This is a sentence of the lesson «Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 4: How the Leopard got his Spots, part 2 (One, two, three, and where's your breakfast?)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (markings, Leopard), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 biology | amod |
| 2 | biology | biology | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 10 rosettes | punct |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 leopard | det |
| 5 | leopard | leopard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 markings | nmod:poss |
| 6 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 5 leopard | case |
| 7 | markings | marking | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 rosettes | nsubj |
| 8 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 rosettes | cop |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 rosettes | punct |
| 10 | rosettes | rosette | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 biology | appos |
| 11 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 rosettes | punct |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 rose | punct |
| 13 | rose | rose | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 shaped | compound |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 16 rings | punct |
| 15 | shaped | shape | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 rings | amod |
| 16 | rings | ring | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 rosettes | appos |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 spots | case |
| 18 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 spots | amod |
| 19 | spots | spot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 rings | nmod |
| 20 | with | with | ADP | _ | 23 middle | case |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 middle | det |
| 22 | lighter | light | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 23 middle | amod |
| 23 | middle | middle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 spots | nmod |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 prints | punct |
| 25 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 prints | nsubj |
| 26 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 prints | cop |
| 27 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 28 prints | advmod |
| 28 | prints | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 biology | parataxis | |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 fingers | case |
| 30 | five | five | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 31 fingers | nummod |
| 31 | fingers | finger | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 prints | nmod |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 genes | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 genes | cc |
| 34 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 leopard | nsubj |
| 35 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 leopard | cop |
| 36 | in | in | ADP | _ | 38 leopard | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 leopard | det |
| 38 | leopard | leopard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 genes | nmod:poss |
| 39 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 38 leopard | case |
| 40 | genes | gene | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 prints | conj |
| 41 | from | from | ADP | _ | 42 birth | case |
| 42 | birth | birth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 genes | nmod |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 biology | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a in a quote | present | a leopard's markings | rosettes | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | shape | participle | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | ||||||
| 3 | not is a | present | Leopard | prints and the leopard's genes from birth | of five fingers | tree rules | |||
| 4 | is | present | Leopard | in the leopard | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | mark | a leopard | nom marking «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:books:078-justso-leopard-spots-2.lesson:21.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/78-justso-leopard-spots-2/21/