Alice in Wonderland, chapter IV, part 2: Little Bill, the pebbles and the puppy, sentence 6
They tie the ladders together, because one alone does not "reach half high enough"; a loose slate (a flat stone tile of the roof) falls with a crash, and someone shouts "Heads below!", which means watch out below.
Who acts: ladders, one, loose slate, someone, Heads · What happens: tie, not reach, fall, shout, mean, watch out · To what, where: ladders, Heads · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Alice in Wonderland, chapter IV, part 2: Little Bill, the pebbles and the puppy» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ladders, one, loose slate, someone), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 tie | nsubj |
| 2 | tie | tie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 ladders | det |
| 4 | ladders | ladder | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 tie | obj |
| 5 | together | together | ADV | _ | 2 tie | advmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 tie | punct |
| 7 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 13 reach | mark |
| 8 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 13 reach | nsubj |
| 9 | alone | alone | ADV | _ | 8 one | advmod |
| 10 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 reach | aux |
| 11 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 13 reach | advmod |
| 12 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 reach | punct |
| 13 | reach | reach | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 2 tie | advcl |
| 14 | half | half | NOUN | Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac | 15 high | obl |
| 15 | high | high | ADV | Degree=Pos | 16 enough | advmod |
| 16 | enough | enough | ADV | _ | 13 reach | advmod |
| 17 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 reach | punct |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 falls | punct |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 slate | det |
| 20 | loose | loose | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 slate | amod |
| 21 | slate | slate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 falls | nsubj |
| 22 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 26 tile | punct |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 tile | det |
| 24 | flat | flat | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 tile | amod |
| 25 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 tile | compound |
| 26 | tile | tile | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 slate | appos |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 roof | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 roof | det |
| 29 | roof | roof | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 tile | nmod |
| 30 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 26 tile | punct |
| 31 | falls | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 tie | parataxis |
| 32 | with | with | ADP | _ | 34 crash | case |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 crash | det |
| 34 | crash | crash | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 falls | obl |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 shouts | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 shouts | cc |
| 37 | someone | someone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 38 shouts | nsubj |
| 38 | shouts | shout | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 falls | conj |
| 39 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 40 Heads | punct |
| 40 | Heads | head | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 shouts | obj |
| 41 | below | below | ADV | _ | 40 Heads | advmod |
| 42 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 2 tie | punct |
| 43 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 40 Heads | punct |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 means | punct |
| 45 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 46 means | nsubj |
| 46 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 40 Heads | acl:relcl |
| 47 | watch | watch | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 46 means | ccomp |
| 48 | out | out | ADP | _ | 47 watch | compound:prt |
| 49 | below | below | ADV | _ | 47 watch | advmod |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 tie | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tie | present | ladders = ladder | the ladders | together property | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ladder=Patient | |||
| 2 | not reach in a quote | present · do-support | one | enough property | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | fall | present | a loose slate | with a crash | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | shout speech: express | present | someone | Heads | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Topic | ||||
| 5 | mean | present | Heads | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | watch out | infinitive | below property | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:books:008-alice-ch4-part2-little-bill.lesson:6.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/8-alice-ch4-part2-little-bill/6/