Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 5: The Elephant's Child, part 2 (the tug-of-war and the trunk), sentence 2
It never shrinks: it has become a real trunk, and soon he finds it can swat flies, pull up grass and slap cool mud on his head, three "'Vantages" the Snake points out.
Who acts: Crocodile, Child, Snake · What happens: not shrink, become, find, swat, pull up, slap · To what, where: real trunk, flies, grass, cool mud · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 5: The Elephant's Child, part 2 (the tug-of-war and the trunk)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Crocodile, Child, Snake), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 shrinks | nsubj |
| 2 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 3 shrinks | advmod |
| 3 | shrinks | shrink | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 7 become | punct |
| 5 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 become | nsubj |
| 6 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 become | aux |
| 7 | become | become | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 shrinks | parataxis |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 trunk | det |
| 9 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 trunk | amod |
| 10 | trunk | trunk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 become | xcomp |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 finds | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 finds | cc |
| 13 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 15 finds | advmod |
| 14 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 finds | nsubj |
| 15 | finds | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 shrinks | conj |
| 16 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 swat | nsubj |
| 17 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 18 swat | aux |
| 18 | swat | swat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 finds | ccomp |
| 19 | flies | fly | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 swat | obj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 pull | punct |
| 21 | pull | pull | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 swat | conj |
| 22 | up | up | ADP | _ | 21 pull | compound:prt |
| 23 | grass | grass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 pull | obj |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 slap | cc |
| 25 | slap | slap | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 pull | conj |
| 26 | cool | cool | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 mud | amod |
| 27 | mud | mud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 slap | obj |
| 28 | on | on | ADP | _ | 30 head | case |
| 29 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 head | nmod:poss |
| 30 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 slap | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 three | punct |
| 32 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 39 points | nummod |
| 33 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 35 Vantages | punct |
| 34 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 35 Vantages | punct |
| 35 | Vantages | vantage | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 three | appos |
| 36 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 35 Vantages | punct |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 Snake | det |
| 38 | Snake | Snake | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 points | nsubj |
| 39 | points | point | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 out | obl:unmarked |
| 40 | out | out | ADV | _ | 15 finds | advmod |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 shrinks | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not shrink | present | Crocodile | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 2 | become | present · perfect | Crocodile | a real trunk | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 3 | find | present | Child | out, soon property | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | ||||
| 4 | swat | can | Crocodile | flies | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fly=Patient | ||||
| 5 | pull up | infinitive | Crocodile not said here | grass | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grass=Theme | ||||
| 6 | slap | infinitive | Crocodile not said here | cool mud | on Child's head | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent mud=Instrument on head=Patient | |||
| 7 | point | the Snake | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:books:080-justso-elephants-child-2.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/80-justso-elephants-child-2/2/