Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 5: The Elephant's Child, part 2 (the tug-of-war and the trunk), sentence 21

Real biology: elephants smell, breathe, touch, trumpet, and spray dust and mud with their trunks; to drink they suck water a little way up the trunk and squirt it into their mouths, not drink through it like a straw.

Who acts: elephants, dust · What happens: smell, breathe, touch, trumpet, spray, drink · To what, where: dust, water, trunk, mouths

This is a sentence of the lesson «Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 5: The Elephant's Child, part 2 (the tug-of-war and the trunk)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (elephants, dust), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 biology	amod
2	biology	biology	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	:	:	PUNCT	_	7 breathe	punct
4	elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 smell	nsubj
5	smell	smell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 biology	parataxis
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 breathe	punct
7	breathe	breathe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 smell	conj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 touch	punct
9	touch	touch	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 smell	conj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 trumpet	punct
11	trumpet	trumpet	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 smell	conj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 dust	punct
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 spray	cc
14	spray	spray	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 smell	conj
15	dust	dust	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 spray	obj
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 mud	cc
17	mud	mud	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 dust	conj
18	with	with	ADP	_	20 trunks	case
19	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	20 trunks	nmod:poss
20	trunks	trunk	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 spray	obl
21	;	;	PUNCT	_	23 drink	punct
22	to	to	PART	_	23 drink	mark
23	drink	drink	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 biology	conj
24	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 suck	nsubj
25	suck	suck	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 drink	ccomp
26	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 suck	obj
27	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	29 way	det
28	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 way	amod
29	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 suck	obl:unmarked
30	up	up	ADP	_	32 trunk	case
31	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	32 trunk	det
32	trunk	trunk	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 way	nmod
33	and	and	CCONJ	_	34 squirt	cc
34	squirt	squirt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	25 suck	conj
35	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	34 squirt	obj
36	into	into	ADP	_	38 mouths	case
37	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	38 mouths	nmod:poss
38	mouths	mouth	NOUN	Number=Plur	34 squirt	obl
39	,	,	PUNCT	_	41 drink	punct
40	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	41 drink	advmod
41	drink	drink	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	25 suck	conj
42	through	through	ADP	_	43 it	case
43	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	41 drink	obl
44	like	like	ADP	_	46 straw	case
45	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	46 straw	det
46	straw	straw	NOUN	Number=Sing	41 drink	obl
47	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 biology	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	smell	present	elephants				vn smell_emission-43.3 «NP.location V»: agent=Location
2	breathe	present	elephants not said here				vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	touch	infinitive	elephants not said here				vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	trumpet	infinitive	elephants not said here				vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	spray	infinitive	elephants not said here	dust and mud		with dust's trunks	vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent dust=Destination with trunk=Theme
6	drink	to-infinitive					tree rules
7	suck	present	dust	water		a little way up the trunk obl:unmarked	vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent water=Source
8	squirt	present	dust not said here	trunk	dust's mouths		vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme into mouth=Destination
9	not drink	infinitive	dust not said here		trunk	like a straw	vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:books:080-justso-elephants-child-2.lesson:21.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R2-punct-next ×1, R3-conj-first ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/80-justso-elephants-child-2/21/