Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 5: The Elephant's Child, part 2 (the tug-of-war and the trunk), sentence 22
Real biology: elephants got trunks slowly over millions of years, as their ancestors changed from generation to generation; no nose was ever stretched by a crocodile, and a stretched body part is not passed on to babies.
Who acts: elephants, ancestors, crocodile · What happens: get, change, stretch, not pass on · To what, where: trunks, millions, generation, nose, stretched body part, babies
This is a sentence of the lesson «Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 5: The Elephant's Child, part 2 (the tug-of-war and the trunk)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (elephants, ancestors, crocodile), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 biology | amod |
| 2 | biology | biology | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 5 got | punct |
| 4 | elephants | elephant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 got | nsubj |
| 5 | got | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 biology | conj |
| 6 | trunks | trunk | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 got | obj |
| 7 | slowly | slowly | ADV | _ | 5 got | advmod |
| 8 | over | over | ADP | _ | 9 millions | case |
| 9 | millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 got | obl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 years | case |
| 11 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 millions | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 ancestors | punct |
| 13 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 16 changed | mark |
| 14 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 ancestors | nmod:poss |
| 15 | ancestors | ancestor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 changed | nsubj |
| 16 | changed | change | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 got | advcl |
| 17 | from | from | ADP | _ | 18 generation | case |
| 18 | generation | generation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 changed | obl |
| 19 | to | to | ADP | _ | 20 generation | case |
| 20 | generation | generation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 generation | nmod |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 stretched | punct |
| 22 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 23 nose | det |
| 23 | nose | nose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 stretched | nsubj:pass |
| 24 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 stretched | aux:pass |
| 25 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 26 stretched | advmod |
| 26 | stretched | stretch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 trunks | acl:relcl |
| 27 | by | by | ADP | _ | 29 crocodile | case |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 crocodile | det |
| 29 | crocodile | crocodile | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 stretched | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 passed | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 passed | cc |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 part | det |
| 33 | stretched | stretch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 35 part | amod |
| 34 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 part | compound |
| 35 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 passed | nsubj:pass |
| 36 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 passed | aux:pass |
| 37 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 38 passed | advmod |
| 38 | passed | pass | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 stretched | conj |
| 39 | on | on | ADP | _ | 38 passed | compound:prt |
| 40 | to | to | ADP | _ | 41 babies | case |
| 41 | babies | baby | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 passed | obl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 biology | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | get | past | elephants | trunks | millions of years | slowly property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer trunk=Stimulus | ||
| 2 | change | past | millions's ancestors | from generation to generation | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V PP.material PP.result»: agent=Agent from generation=Initial_State | ||||
| 3 | stretch | past · passive | a crocodile | no nose | ever | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent subject=Patient | |||
| 4 | stretch | participle | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 5 | not pass on | present · passive | a stretched body part | babies | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to baby=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:books:080-justso-elephants-child-2.lesson:22.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/80-justso-elephants-child-2/22/