Just So Stories, How the First Letter Was Written, part 1: a broken spear and a picture on birch-bark, sentence 9
Taffy borrows the shark's tooth from his necklace and scratches a picture on the bark: Daddy with the broken spear, the black-handled spear, herself explaining, the Stranger-man holding the spear, two trees, a hill, the beaver-swamp with beavers' heads, the Cave, and Mummy with her hands up.
Who acts: Taffy, Daddy, Stranger man · What happens: borrow, scratch, break, handle, explain, hold · To what, where: tooth, necklace, picture, bark, Stranger man, spear
This is a sentence of the lesson «Just So Stories, How the First Letter Was Written, part 1: a broken spear and a picture on birch-bark» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Taffy, Daddy, Stranger man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Taffy | Taffy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 borrows | nsubj |
| 2 | borrows | borrow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 shark | det |
| 4 | shark | shark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 tooth | nmod:poss |
| 5 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 4 shark | case |
| 6 | tooth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 borrows | obj |
| 7 | from | from | ADP | _ | 9 necklace | case |
| 8 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 necklace | nmod:poss |
| 9 | necklace | necklace | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 borrows | obl |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 scratches | cc |
| 11 | scratches | scratch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 borrows | conj |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 picture | det |
| 13 | picture | picture | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 scratches | obj |
| 14 | on | on | ADP | _ | 16 bark | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 bark | det |
| 16 | bark | bark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 picture | nmod |
| 17 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 18 Daddy | punct |
| 18 | Daddy | daddy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 bark | conj |
| 19 | with | with | ADP | _ | 22 spear | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 spear | det |
| 21 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 spear | amod |
| 22 | spear | spear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 Daddy | nmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 spear | punct |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 spear | det |
| 25 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 handled | compound |
| 26 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 25 black | punct |
| 27 | handled | handle | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 spear | amod |
| 28 | spear | spear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 picture | conj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 explaining | punct |
| 30 | herself | herself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 31 explaining | nsubj |
| 31 | explaining | explain | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 borrows | conj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 man | punct |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 man | det |
| 34 | Stranger | stranger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 man | compound |
| 35 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 34 Stranger | punct |
| 36 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 explaining | obl |
| 37 | holding | hold | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 36 man | acl |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 spear | det |
| 39 | spear | spear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 holding | obj |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 trees | punct |
| 41 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 42 trees | nummod |
| 42 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 man | conj |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 hill | punct |
| 44 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 45 hill | det |
| 45 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 man | conj |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 50 swamp | punct |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 swamp | det |
| 48 | beaver | beaver | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 swamp | compound |
| 49 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 48 beaver | punct |
| 50 | swamp | swamp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 man | conj |
| 51 | with | with | ADP | _ | 54 heads | case |
| 52 | beavers | beaver | NOUN | Number=Plur | 54 heads | nmod:poss |
| 53 | ' | 's | PART | _ | 52 beavers | case |
| 54 | heads | head | NOUN | Number=Plur | 50 swamp | nmod |
| 55 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 57 Cave | punct |
| 56 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 57 Cave | det |
| 57 | Cave | cave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 man | conj |
| 58 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 60 Mummy | punct |
| 59 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 60 Mummy | cc |
| 60 | Mummy | Mummy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 man | conj |
| 61 | with | with | ADP | _ | 63 hands | case |
| 62 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 63 hands | nmod:poss |
| 63 | hands | hand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 60 Mummy | nmod |
| 64 | up | up | ADV | _ | 63 hands | advmod |
| 65 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 borrows | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | borrow | present | Taffy | the shark's tooth | Taffy's necklace | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent tooth=Theme from necklace=Source | |||
| 2 | scratch | present | Taffy not said here | a picture and the handled spear | the bark and Daddy with the broken spear | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent picture=Theme on bark=Destination | |||
| 3 | break | participle | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 4 | handle | participle | vn hold-15.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | explain speech: assert | gerund | Daddy | the Stranger man and two trees and a hill and the beaver swamp with beavers's heads and the Cave and Mummy with Daddy's hands | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | hold | gerund | the Stranger man and two trees and a hill and the beaver swamp with beavers's heads and the Cave and Mummy with Daddy's hands not said here | the spear | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spear=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:books:084-justso-first-letter-1-a-broken-spear.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/84-justso-first-letter-1-a-broken-spear/9/